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Weather Forcast System: Case Study By-Gajendra Singh 12 F

The document discusses the history and techniques of weather forecasting systems. It describes how early weather forecasts were published in newspapers in the 1860s and the first radio broadcasts of weather occurred in the 1920s. Modern techniques include nowcasting using radar and satellite data to forecast conditions in the next six hours and analog forecasting, which identifies previous similar weather events to predict upcoming patterns. The document outlines several other forecasting methods and how forecasts are communicated to the public.

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Tanishq Saini
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105 views

Weather Forcast System: Case Study By-Gajendra Singh 12 F

The document discusses the history and techniques of weather forecasting systems. It describes how early weather forecasts were published in newspapers in the 1860s and the first radio broadcasts of weather occurred in the 1920s. Modern techniques include nowcasting using radar and satellite data to forecast conditions in the next six hours and analog forecasting, which identifies previous similar weather events to predict upcoming patterns. The document outlines several other forecasting methods and how forecasts are communicated to the public.

Uploaded by

Tanishq Saini
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Weather Forcast System

CASE STUDY BY-GAJENDRA SINGH


12TH F
CONTENTS.

 What is a Weather Forcast system?


 HISTORY OF WEATHER FORCAST SYSTEM.
 TECHNIQUES USED.
 MORE HISTORY.
 HISTORY OF WEATHER FORCAST SYSTEM.
What is a Weather Forcast System?.....

 The first question is what is a Weather forcast system so its basically is the
application of science and technology to predict the conditions of
the atmosphere for a given location and time.
 People have attempted to predict the weather informally for millennia and
formally since the 19th century.
 Weather forecasts are made by collecting quantitative data about the current state
of the atmosphere, land, and ocean and using meteorology to project how the
atmosphere will change at a given place.
HISTORY OF WEATHER FORCAST
SYSTEM
 The first ever daily weather forecasts were published in The Times on August 1,
1861, and the first weather maps were produced later in the same year. In 1911,
the Met Office began issuing the first marine weather forecasts via radio
transmission. These included gale and storm warnings for areas around Great
Britain.
 In the United States, the first public radio forecasts were made in 1925 by Edward
B. "E.B." Ride out, on WEEI, the Edison Electric Illuminating station in
Boston.Rideout came from the U.S. Weather Bureau, as did WBZ weather
forecaster G. Harold Noyes in 1931.
 The world's first televised weather forecasts, including the use of weather maps, were
experimentally broadcast by the BBC in November 1936. This was brought into practice in 1949,
after World War II.
  George Cowling gave the first weather forecast while being televised in front of the map in
1954. In America, experimental television forecasts were made by James C. Fidler in Cincinnati
in either 1940 or 1947 on the DuMont Television Network.
MORE HISTORY

 In the late 1970s and early 80s, John Coleman, the first weatherman on ABC-
TV's Good Morning America, pioneered the use of on-screen weather satellite
 information and computer graphics for television forecasts.
 Coleman was a co-founder of The Weather Channel (TWC) in 1982. TWC is now
a 24-hour cable network. Some weather channels have started broadcasting on 
live broadcasting programs such as YouTube and Periscope to reach more
viewers.
TECHNIQUES USED

 Persistence- the simplest method of forecasting the weather, persistence, relies


upon today's conditions to forecast the conditions tomorrow. This can be a valid
way of forecasting the weather when it is in a steady state, such as during the
summer season in the tropics.
 This method of forecasting strongly depends upon the presence of a stagnant
weather pattern. Therefore, when in a fluctuating weather pattern, this method of
forecasting becomes inaccurate. It can be useful in both short range forecasts
and long range forecasts.
 Use of a barometer- Measurements of barometric pressure and the pressure
tendency (the change of pressure over time) have been used in forecasting since
the late 19th century. The larger the change in pressure, especially if more than
3.5 hPa (2.6 mmHg), the larger the change in weather can be expected.
 If the pressure drop is rapid, a low pressure system is approaching, and there is a
greater chance of rain. Rapid pressure rises are associated with improving weather
conditions, such as clearing skies.
 Looking at the sky- Along with pressure tendency, the condition of the sky is one of the more
important parameters used to forecast weather in mountainous areas. Thickening of cloud cover
or the invasion of a higher cloud deck is indicative of rain in the near future.
 High thin cirrostratus clouds can create halos around the sun or moon, which indicates an
approach of a warm front and its associated rain.Morning fog portends fair conditions, as rainy
conditions are preceded by wind or clouds that prevent fog formation
SOME MORE TECHNIQUES….

 Nowcasting- The forecasting of the weather within the next six hours is often
referred to as nowcasting.In this time range it is possible to forecast smaller
features such as individual showers and thunderstorms with reasonable accuracy,
as well as other features too small to be resolved by a computer model.
 A human given the latest radar, satellite and observational data will be able to
make a better analysis of the small scale features present and so will be able to
make a more accurate forecast for the following few hours.
 Analog technique- The analog technique is a complex way of making a forecast,
requiring the forecaster to remember a previous weather event that is expected to
be mimicked by an upcoming event. What makes it a difficult technique to use is
that there is rarely a perfect analog for an event in the future.
 Some call this type of forecasting pattern recognition. It remains a useful method
of observing rainfall over data voids such as oceans, as well as the forecasting of
precipitation amounts and distribution in the future. A similar technique is used in
medium range forecasting, which is known as teleconnections, when systems in
other locations are used to help pin down the location of another system within
the surrounding regime.
Communicating forecasts to the public
 Most end users of forecasts are members of the general public. Thunderstorms can create strong
winds and dangerous lightning strikes that can lead to deaths, power outages,and widespread hail
damage.
 Several countries employ government agencies to provide forecasts and
watches/warnings/advisories to the public to protect life and property and maintain commercial
interests.
 Knowledge of what the end user needs from a weather forecast must be taken into account to
present the information in a useful and understandable way.
 The Royal Charter sank in an October 1859 storm, stimulating the establishment
of modern weather forecasting.
THANKS FOR WATCHING : )

 I Hope You Will Like This Presentation.

Source of the info needed in this


presentation-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weather_forecasting.
https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/weather-climate-models/global-forecast#:~:
text=The%20Global%20Forecast%20System%20(GFS,moisture%2C%20and%20at
mospheric%20ozone%20concentration
.

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