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Necrosis: DR Abena Hidangmayum Final Year Postgraduate

Necrosis is defined as the localized death of cells and living tissue. It is caused by factors like ischemia, toxins, burns, or physical/chemical injury. Morphologically, necrosis is characterized by increased eosinophilia and changes in the cytoplasm and nuclei of injured cells, such as pyknosis and karyorrhexis. There are different types of necrosis including coagulative, liquefactive, caseous, fat, and fibrinoid necrosis, which describe the specific patterns and appearances of dead tissue. Necrosis induces local inflammation to clear the damaged cells.

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Aaslesha Jakkampudi
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118 views

Necrosis: DR Abena Hidangmayum Final Year Postgraduate

Necrosis is defined as the localized death of cells and living tissue. It is caused by factors like ischemia, toxins, burns, or physical/chemical injury. Morphologically, necrosis is characterized by increased eosinophilia and changes in the cytoplasm and nuclei of injured cells, such as pyknosis and karyorrhexis. There are different types of necrosis including coagulative, liquefactive, caseous, fat, and fibrinoid necrosis, which describe the specific patterns and appearances of dead tissue. Necrosis induces local inflammation to clear the damaged cells.

Uploaded by

Aaslesha Jakkampudi
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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NECROSIS

DR ABENA HIDANGMAYUM
FINAL YEAR POSTGRADUATE
OUTLINE
• Definition

• Causes

• Morphological changes

• Types of necrosis

• Examples

• Summary
DEFINITION:
• Necrosis is defined as a localised death of tissue followed by
degradation of tissue by hydrolytic enzymes liberated by dead cells.

• Invariably accompanied by inflammatory reaction

• Necrosis is characterized by changes in the cytoplasm and nuclei of


the injured cells.
Causes :

Ischaemia
denaturation of intracellular
Microbial toxins
proteins and enzymatic
digestion of the lethally
Burns injured cells
Physical or chemical injury
MORPHOLOGY:

A. Cytoplasmic changes –
B.Nuclear changes-
 Increased eosinophilia by increased binding
1. Pyknosis-nuclear shrinkage, increased
of eosin to denatured cytoplasmic proteins
basophilia.
 glassy, homogeneous appearance.
2. Karyorrhexis -The pyknotic nucleus can
 Prominent myelin figures in necrotic cells undergo fragmentation.
than in cells with reversible injury.
3. Karyolysis - The nucleus may undergo
 Vacuolated cytoplasm giving a “moth eaten
basophilia fades because of digestion of DNA
appearance”
by deoxyribonuclease
Morphologic changes in necrosis. A, Normal kidney tubules with viable epithelial cells. B, increased eosinophilia of
cytoplasm, and swelling of occasional cells. C, loss of nuclei and fragmentation of cells and leakage of contents
TYPES OF Tissue Necrosis

1. Coagulative necrosis

2. Liquefactive necrosis

3. Caseous necrosis

4. Fat necrosis

5. Fibrinoid necrosis
COAGULATIVE NECROSIS

• a form of necrosis in which architecture of dead tissue is preserved


for a span of at least some days.

• Affected tissue exhibit firm texture.

• Ischemia caused by obstruction in a vessel may lead to coagulative


necrosis of the supplied tissue in all organs except brain.

• A localized area of coagulative necrosis is called infarct.


Coagulative necrosis

(A) A wedge-shaped kidney infarct (yellow) with preservation of the outlines. (B) Microscopic view of the
edge of the infarct, with normal kidney (N) and necrotic cells in the infarct (I).
LIQUEFACTIVE NECROSIS
(COLLIQUATIVE NECROSIS
• Digestion of dead cells, resulting in transformation of the tissue into
the liquid viscous mass.

• Seen in focal bacterial or occasionally fungal infections.

• The necrotic material is frequently creamy yellow because of the


presence of dead leucocytes and is called pus.
.

Liquefactive necrosis. An infarct in the brain shows dissolution of the tissue.


Gangrenous necrosis

 Not a distinctive pattern of cell death.

 Usually refers to the condition of the lower leg with altered blood
supply leading to coagulative necrosis in multiple tissue layers.

 When bacterial infection is superimposed, the morphologic


appearance changes to liquefactive necrosis resulting in “wet
gangrene
Caseous necrosis
 Most often seen in foci of tuberculous infection.

 Caseous means “cheese like,” refers to the

friable yellow-white appearance of the area

of necrosis on gross examination.

Microscopy: - a collection of fragmented cells

with an amorphous granular pink appearance


Fat necrosis
 Focal areas of fat destruction.

 Due to the release of activated pancreatic lipases

into the substance of the pancreas and the

peritoneal cavity, Occurs in acute pancreatitis.

 grossly visible chalky white areas (fat

saponification).
Fibrinoid necrosis
 Seen when ag-ab complex are deposited in the
walls of blood vesselsleak into the wall of
damaged vesselsbright pink, amorphous
appearance called fibrinoid (fibrinlike).

 May occur in severe hypertension.


SUMMARY:
• Necrosis is a pathological process in which cellular membrane are
destroyed , enzymes leak out with induction of local inflamation to
clear the damaged cells

• Under different conditions necrosis assume specific patterns-


coagulative liquefactive gangrenous caseous fat and fibrinoid.
HOME ASSIGNMENT

• What are the electron microscopic changes in necrosis?

• What is necroptosis?
Thank you

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