Scribd
Upload
745 views

Association and Behaviorism

The document summarizes several psychological theories of learning: 1. Pavlov's classical conditioning theory proposes that learning occurs through association and that behaviors can be shaped using conditioning techniques. 2. Thorndike's connectionism theory introduced the laws of readiness, exercise, and effect and posited that specific stimuli elicit specific responses. 3. Gagne's hierarchical learning theory proposes that learning follows a hierarchy with prerequisite conditions and introduced task analysis in objectives formulation. 4. Piaget's cognitive development theory outlines stages of development from sensorimotor to formal operations and emphasizes assimilation, accommodation, and equilibration.

Uploaded by

Angelic Almayda
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
745 views

Association and Behaviorism

The document summarizes several psychological theories of learning: 1. Pavlov's classical conditioning theory proposes that learning occurs through association and that behaviors can be shaped using conditioning techniques. 2. Thorndike's connectionism theory introduced the laws of readiness, exercise, and effect and posited that specific stimuli elicit specific responses. 3. Gagne's hierarchical learning theory proposes that learning follows a hierarchy with prerequisite conditions and introduced task analysis in objectives formulation. 4. Piaget's cognitive development theory outlines stages of development from sensorimotor to formal operations and emphasizes assimilation, accommodation, and equilibration.

Uploaded by

Angelic Almayda
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 38

3.

Psychological Foundation
of Curriculum

Prepared by:
ANGELIC KAREN O. ALMAYDA
BSE 4-F
ASSOCIATION
AND
BEHAVIORISM
He is the father of the
Classical Conditioning
Theory, the S-R Theory.
The key to learning in
early years of life is to
train them what you
want them to become.
S-R Theory is a
foundation of learning
practice called
Ivan Pavlov indoctrination.
(1849-1936)
Keys to learning:
Fear, love, and hatred towards specific subjects
are created through conditioning.
The good method and kind treatment of a
teacher can bring desirable impacts upon
learners.
In teaching, Audio-Visual Aids role is very vital.
Pavlov’s classical conditioning theory can be
used for developing good habits and
elimination of bad ones and various kinds of
phobias can be controlled through it.
He championed the
Connectionism
Theory.
He proposed the three
laws of learning:
- Law of readiness
- Law of exercise
- law of effect
Specific stimulus has
Edward Thorndike specific response.
(1874-1949)
Keys to learning:
If one wants to learn something, one should
prepare oneself for it by first understanding fully
its importance.
Whatever we want to learn or teach, we must first
identify the aspects which are to be remembered
and those which may be forgotten.
What is being taught or learnt at any one time
should be linked with the past experiences and
learning on the one hand and with the future
learning on the other ,in order to benefit from the
mechanism of association, connection or bonds in
the process of learning .
He proposed the
Hierarchical Learning
Theory. Learning
follows a hierarchy.
Behavior is based on
prerequisite
conditions.
He introduced
tasking in the
formulation of
Robert Gagne objectives.
(1916-2002)
Keys to learning:
It helps the teacher select appropriate
teaching technique.
It helps the teacher select suitable
content or unit for teaching.
It helps the teacher decide what lower
behaviors or subordinate skills should
be taught before teaching higher
learning types.
COGNITIVE
INFORMATION
PROCESSING THEORY
Theories of Jean Piaget
Cognitive development
has stages from birth to
maturity:

Sensorimotor stage (0-2)


Pre-operational stage (2-
7)
Concrete operations
stage (7-11)
Jean Piaget Formal Operations (11-
(1896-1980) onwards)
Keys to learning:
- Assimilation
(incorporation of new
experience)
- Accommodation
(learning modification
and adaptation)
- Equilibration
(balance between
previous and later
Jean Piaget learning)
(1896-1980)
Theories of Lev Vygotsky:
Cultural transmission and
development:
Children could, as a result
of their interaction with
society, actually perform
certain cognitive actions
prior to arriving at
developmental stage.
Learning precedes
development
Sociocultural
Lev Vygotsky
development theory
(1896-1934)
Keys to learning:

Pedagogy creates
learning processes
that lead to
development
The child is an
active agent in
his/her educational
process
Lev Vygotsky
(1896-1934)
Keys to learning:
It allows a teacher to know what a
student is able to achieve through the
use of a mediator and thus enables the
teacher to help the child attain that
level by themselves.
Through play, and imagination a
child's conceptual abilities are
stretched.
Gardner’s Multiple
Intelligences:
 Humans have several
different ways of processing
information and these ways
are relatively independent
of one another
 There are 8 intelligences:
linguistic, logical-
mathematical, musical,
spatial, bodily/kinesthetic,
interpersonal,
intrapersonal, and
naturalistic.
Howard Gardner
Emotion
contains the
power to affect
action.
He called this
emotional
quotient.
Daniel Goleman
HUMANISTIC
PSYCHOLOGY
Gestalt Theory
Learning is
explained in terms of
“wholeness” of the
problem.
Human beings do
not respond to
isolated stimuli but
to an organization or
pattern of stimuli.
• Keys to learning:
Learning is complex and abstract.
Learners analyze the problem, discriminate
between essential and non-essential data,
and perceive relationships.
Learners will perceive something in relation
to the whole. What/how they perceive is
related to their previous experiences.
He advanced the Self-
Actualization Theory
and classic theory of
human needs.
A child whose basic
needs are not met will
not be interested in
acquiring knowledge
of the world.
He put importance to
human emotions,
based on love and
Abraham Maslow (1908-1970) trust.
Key to learning:
Produce a healthy and happy learner
who can accomplish, grow and
actualize his or her human self.
Nondirective and
Therapeutic Learning
He established
counseling procedures
and methods for
facilitating learning.
Children’s perceptions,
which are highly
individualistic,
influence their learning
and behavior in class.
Carl Rogers (1902-1987)
Key to learning:
Curriculum is concerned with process,
not product; personal needs, not
subject matter, psychological meaning,
not cognitive scores.
Thank you for listening~!

You might also like