Medical Laboratory
General Introduction to medical
Laboratory
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A – A good student is liked by teacher
G – Greets everyone with smile
O – Obedient
O – On time for college
D – Dresses neatly
S – Studies with interest
T – Treats everyone with smile
U – Understands everything
D – Does daily home work
E – Eager to know new things
N – Never misbehaves
T – Talks little in class
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Introduction
Laboratory is a place that is equipped with different instruments,
equipment's and chemicals (reagents) etc., for performing
experimental works, research activities and investigative
procedures.
Medical laboratory is one part of the laboratory that is
equipped with various biomedical instruments, equipment's,
materials and reagents (chemicals) for performing different
laboratory investigative activities by using biological specimens
3 (whole blood, serum, plasma, urine, stool, etc). Medical Lab
The medical laboratory services play a pivotal role in the
promotion, curative and preventive aspects of a nation’s health
delivery system.
Without reliable laboratory services:
The source of a disease may not be identified correctly.
Patients are less likely to receive the best possible care.
Resistance to essential drugs may develop and continue to
spread.
Epidemic diseases may not be identified on time and with
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WHY THE LABORATORY IS NEEDED IN
HEALTH CARE
Laboratory investigations increase the accuracy of
disease diagnosis:
Many infectious diseases and serious illnesses can only be
diagnosed reliably by using the laboratory. For example,
errors in the diagnosis of malaria have been shown to be
particularly high when diagnosis is
based on clinical symptoms alone.
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Medical laboratory scientists work quickly and carefully.
They hold life and death in their hands, because the
information they give to the doctor influences the medical
treatment a patient receives
Medical laboratory scientists work in five major areas of
the laboratory: Blood banking, Chemistry, Hematology,
Immunology and Microbiology for measuring, diagnosis,
analysis and evaluation.
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Analytical chemistry is the science of measurement, determination,
identification, evaluation, analysis, method development and
improvement for the sakes of advances in field of science.
Analytical chemistry involves qualitative or quantitative method
Qualitative method: - yields information about the identity of the
spps present, answer what components components are present.
Quantitative method: - in contrast, provides numerical information
as to the relative amount of one or more of these components,
answer how much of component substance are present.
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Examples
Analytical chemistry helps diagnose parathyroid diseases in
human’s measurements of ionized calcium in blood serum.
Determination of nitrogen in foods establishes their protein
content and thus their nutritional value.
The concentrations of oxygen and of carbon dioxide are
determined in millions of blood samples every day and used
to diagnose and treat illnesses.
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Analytical method
Wet chemical methods such as precipitation, extraction,
distillation, boiling or melting points, gravimetric and
titrimetric measurements.
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