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Interpolation: Dr. B. Santhosh Department of Mechanical Engineering

This document discusses interpolation, which is the process of fitting a function to discrete data points so that it passes through each point. Interpolation has various purposes, such as plotting smooth curves through data, evaluating a function between data points, and approximating continuous functions with discrete representations. Common interpolation methods include Lagrange interpolation, Newton divided differences, spline interpolation, and multidimensional interpolation. The selection of an interpolation function depends on factors like how easy it is to use and how well it matches the properties of the original data.

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17 views

Interpolation: Dr. B. Santhosh Department of Mechanical Engineering

This document discusses interpolation, which is the process of fitting a function to discrete data points so that it passes through each point. Interpolation has various purposes, such as plotting smooth curves through data, evaluating a function between data points, and approximating continuous functions with discrete representations. Common interpolation methods include Lagrange interpolation, Newton divided differences, spline interpolation, and multidimensional interpolation. The selection of an interpolation function depends on factors like how easy it is to use and how well it matches the properties of the original data.

Uploaded by

Achyuth G S
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Interpolation

Dr. B. Santhosh
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Introduction
• Consider the given data
x y
1 1.9
2 2.7 How to use the data ?
3 4.8 • The data obtained may be from simulation/laboratory
4 5.3 measurements.
5 7.1 • Draw a smooth curve between the data points.
6 9.4
• Infer values between the data points.
• Predict the values beyond the range of available data.
• If the data represent some underlying function, find its
derivative or integral.
• Find the value of the function at a given argument.
• Method of least squares was used to fit the data using a straight line
or higher order polynomials (curve fitting)
• In interpolation, the function not just capture the general trend of the
data, but pass through the data points. (The function must match the
given data values exactly).
• Such a function is known as Interpolating function/ Interpolant.
• Interpolation:
• Fitting some function to given data so that the function has the same values
as the given data.
• Secant method to find the root of function used a straight line fit
between 2 data points.
Purpose of interpolation
• Plotting a smooth curve between the data points.
• Reading between the lines of a table.
• Differentiating and integrating tabular data.
• Evaluating a mathematical function quickly and easily.
• Replacing a complicated function by a simple one.
• The alternate representation of discrete data as a function rather than
a table of values (and vice versa) is a key concept in bridging the gap
between the finite and in-finite dimensional problems.
• Two main issues in numerical computation are
• Accurately approximating infinite-dimensional problems by finite-dimensional
problems.
• Developing methods to solve the resulting finite dimensional problem
accurately and efficiently.
• An arbitrary continuous function can be represented (approximately)
using finite number of parameters either by a table of its values at a
finite / discrete set of points or by a function depends on a finite
number of parameters.
• The later representation is more convenient and useful. One way to
obtain such a function is by interpolation.
Interpolation in steam tables
Interpolation in finite element method
Open questions on selection of interpolation
function
• What form the function should have?
• Should the function inherit the properties of the data?
• How should the function behave between the data points?
• If the function and data are plotted, should the results be visually
pleasing?
Selection of a function for interpolation is
based on
• How easy the interpolant is to work with?
• How well the properties of the interpolant match the properties of
the data to be fit?
Families of functions commonly used for
interpolation
• Polynomials
• Piecewise polynomials
• Trigonometric functions
• Exponential functions
• Rational functions
Methods of Interpolation
• Lagrange Interpolation
• Newton divided difference
• Spline interpolation
• Multi dimensional interpolation
Lagrange Interpolation
• Lagrange Interpolation is able to give a polynomial that passes though all data points.
• It does this by generating a set of polynomials each associated with a particular node.
• L0 = 1 at 1st node and zero at all other nodes.
• L1 =1 at 2nd node and zero at other nodes.
• This pattern continues for all Lagrange polynomials.
• Each Lagrange polynomial contribute only to its own node.
• Multiply each LP with the y value it should have and add them
together, the resulting polynomial will interpolate all data points.

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