Scribd
Upload
210 views

UNIT III Beta Gamma Functions

The document defines Beta and Gamma functions. It provides properties of Gamma functions such as Gamma(n+1)=nGamma(n) and Gamma(n)=(n-1)! for positive integers n. Beta function is defined as the integral from 0 to 1 of x^(a-1)(1-x)^(b-1)dx. It proves various properties like symmetry of Beta function and the relation between Beta and Gamma functions as Beta(a,b)=Gamma(a)Gamma(b)/Gamma(a+b). The document also evaluates some integrals using the properties of Beta and Gamma functions.

Uploaded by

Satuluri Satyanagendra Rao
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
210 views

UNIT III Beta Gamma Functions

The document defines Beta and Gamma functions. It provides properties of Gamma functions such as Gamma(n+1)=nGamma(n) and Gamma(n)=(n-1)! for positive integers n. Beta function is defined as the integral from 0 to 1 of x^(a-1)(1-x)^(b-1)dx. It proves various properties like symmetry of Beta function and the relation between Beta and Gamma functions as Beta(a,b)=Gamma(a)Gamma(b)/Gamma(a+b). The document also evaluates some integrals using the properties of Beta and Gamma functions.

Uploaded by

Satuluri Satyanagendra Rao
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 27

Differential Calculus

UNIT – III
Differential Calculus

CONTENTS:

 Definition of Improper Integral

 Definition of Beta and Gamma functions

 Properties of Beta and Gamma functions

 Relation between Beta and Gamma functions

 Evaluation of integrals using Beta and Gamma functions.


Beta and Gamma Functions
BETA AND GAMMA FUNCTIONS
Definition of Improper Integral:
An improper integral is a definite integral that has either or both limits infinite or an integrand that approaches infinity at
one or more points in the range of integration.
 Improper integrals cannot be computed using a normal Riemann integral.

 Gamma Function: [In Mathematics, the Gamma Function (Represented by the capital Greek Letter

 Def : The definite integral is called the Gamma function and is denoted by
and read as “Gamma n” The integral converges only for n>0
Thus = where n>0

Gamma function is also called Eulerian integral of the second kind.


Differential Calculus
Note: The integral does not converge if n≤0

Properties of Gamma Function:

Show that = 1
By the def of Gamma function; we have

Sol. By the def of Gamma function; we have

=1

=1

Show that = (n-1)

Sol. By the def of Gamma function; we have


Differential Calculus
Sol. By the def of Gamma function; we have

= dx (Integrate by parts)

= [(0-0)] (n 1) dx

= (n 1) dx

= (n 1)

Note:
• = n (Recurrence or reduction formula for Gamma function), n is a positive real number.
• = n!, if n is a positive integer.
• If n is a negative fraction then, =
• =.
Beta and Gamma Functions
Q. Find the value of

Alternate form of gamma function:


=2
Proof: By definition,
=
Let
=
=2
Changing the variable t to x,
= 2.
Beta and Gamma Functions
Q. E
Sol: By definition,
=
Let = t

Limits:
When,
When,
=
=
=
Beta and Gamma Functions
Beta Function:
Beta function is defined by,
=.
• is also known as Euler’s integral of first kind.
Trigonometric form of Beta function:
=
Proof:
By definition, =
Let

Limits:
When,
When, .
=
=
Beta and Gamma Functions
Q. Prove that
Proof:
We have, = ----- (1)
Put,

From (1), .
Properties:
• Symmetry: =
Proof:
By definition, = ----- (1)
Put,
Limits:
When,
When, .
Beta and Gamma Functions
From (1), =
=
= .
Relation between Beta and Gamma functions:
=
Proof:
By alternate form of Gamma function, we have = 2
Similarly, = 2

=4
Put,
Beta and Gamma Functions

Limits:

(The region of integration is the first quadrant)


r

4
=4
=4
=.
Duplication formula:
Beta and Gamma Functions
Q. Find the value of
Sol:

=
=
=
Beta and Gamma Functions
Q. Evaluate .
Sol:
Let = t

Limits:

Now,
=2
=2
=
Beta and Gamma Functions
Q. Evaluate
Sol: Let = t

Limits:

Now,
.
= .
=
Beta and Gamma Functions
=
=
=
=
= =
Beta and Gamma Functions
Q. Evaluate
Beta and Gamma Functions
Q. Evaluate
Sol:

Let
Limits:
Differential Calculus

. ..
π
Differential Calculus
Q. Evaluate
Sol:

=
=
=
=
=. =.
Differential Calculus
Q. Prove that
Proof: We have, =
Let
Differential Calculus
Eigen Values and Eigen Vectors
Eigen Values and Eigen Vectors
Eigen Values and Eigen Vectors
Eigen Values and Eigen Vectors
Eigen Values and Eigen Vectors
Eigen Values and Eigen Vectors

You might also like