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Class 4b - Environment and Development

The document discusses the key concepts of sustainable development including meeting present needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet their own needs. The three pillars of sustainable development are outlined as economic development through poverty eradication, social development through participation and education, and environmental protection through preventing degradation. Key areas discussed include changing consumption patterns, protecting natural resources, and strengthening governance.

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27 views

Class 4b - Environment and Development

The document discusses the key concepts of sustainable development including meeting present needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet their own needs. The three pillars of sustainable development are outlined as economic development through poverty eradication, social development through participation and education, and environmental protection through preventing degradation. Key areas discussed include changing consumption patterns, protecting natural resources, and strengthening governance.

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skdf
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Environment and Development:

Sustainable Development
Sustainable Development
• Sustainable development has been defined in many
ways, but the most frequently quoted definition is
from Our Common Future, also known as the
Brundtland Report:
• "Sustainable development is development that meets
the needs of the present without compromising the
ability of future generations to meet their own needs”.
key concepts

1. The concept of needs, in particular the essential


needs of the world's poor, to which overriding
priority should be given; and

2. The idea of limitations imposed by the state of


technology and social organization on the
environment's ability to meet present and future
needs.
Pillars of Sustainable Development
• Economic Development – poverty eradication
• Social Development – active participation of
women; education; good governance
• Environmental Protection – prevent
environmental degradation and patterns of
unsustainable Dev.

At the local, national, and global levels


Economic Development

• Poverty eradication

• Basic health services for all, reduce health threats

• Increase food availability

• Combat desertification, mitigate effects of drought and


floods

• Provision of clean drinking water

• Enhance industrial productivity


Changing Unsustainable Patterns of
Consumption and Production
• Cleaner production technologies
• Developing cleaner, more efficient energy technologies
• Maintain air quality and health, and reduce
greenhouse gas emissions
• Sound management of chemicals throughout the life
cycle, and of hazardous wastes
Protecting the Natural Resource Base

• Prevent water pollution to reduce health hazards


and protect ecosystems
• Watershed and groundwater management
• Support desalination of seawater, water recycling

• Ensure the sustainable development of oceans,


marine environmental protection
Key theme of the HDR 2010
• There is the enormous progress in human development over the past several

decades with three caveats:

1. Income growth has been associated with deterioration in such key

environmental indicators as carbon dioxide emissions, soil and water quality

and forest cover.

2. The distribution of income has worsened at the country level in much of the

world, even with the narrowing of gaps in health and education achievement.

3. While empowerment on average tends to accompany a rising Human

Development Index (HDI), there is considerable variation around the

relationship
HDR 2010 Contd..
• Adverse environmental factors are expected to boost world food prices
30–50 percent in real terms in the coming decades and to increase
price volatility, with harsh repercussions for poor households.

• The largest risks are faced by the 1.3 billion people involved in
agriculture, fishing, forestry, hunting and gathering.

• The most disadvantaged people carry a double burden of deprivation:


more vulnerable to the wider effects of environmental degradation,
they must also cope with threats to their immediate environment
posed by indoor air pollution, dirty water and unimproved sanitation.
Strengthening Governance for Sustainable
Development
• Local

• Effective management of resources requires participation by all stakeholders.

• At the local level, strengthening democratic institutions generally leads to

better and more sustained management of natural resources.

• National

• Requiring a balance between development requirement and environment

protection.

• Making environmental clearances compulsory for projects and effectively

implementing the same.


• International

• There is both a need and a scope for regional and global


cooperation in sustainable development.

• Some of the areas of common concern are marine issues, trans-


boundary environmental impacts, management of bio-resources,
technology sharing and sharing of sustainable development
experiences.

• There must be mechanisms for monitoring the compliance of


countries to their obligations under various environmental
agreements
Areas of Concern
• Climate change and agriculture: Primary sector
is the most vulnerable as it affects the
livelihood of people.
• For e.g. Global warming, increased Greenhouse
gas emission, erratic monsoon etc are serious
threat to agriculture and food security.
Optional Part- On India
India’s perspectives on Sustainable Development

• The long-term impact of past industrialization,


exploitation and environmental damage
cannot be wished away.
• It is only right that development in this new
century be even more conscious of its long-
term impact.
Poverty Eradication and Sustainable Livelihoods
• Poverty and a degraded environment are closely inter-related,
especially where people depend for their livelihoods primarily
on the natural resource base of their immediate environment.

• The survival needs of the poor force them to continue to


degrade an already degraded environment.

• Literacy and a basic education are essential for enabling the


poor to access the benefits offered by development initiatives
and market opportunities.
Changing Unsustainable Patterns of Consumption and
Production

• With increasing purchasing power, wasteful consumption linked to

market driven consumerism is stressing the resource base of

developing countries further.

• It is important to counter this through education and public awareness.

• In several areas, desirable limits and standards for consumption need to

be established and applied through appropriate mechanisms including

education, incentives and legislation.

• For e.g. Restriction on smoking, encouragement for e scooters etc.


• Protecting and Managing the Natural Resource Base of Economic and

Social Development

• The integration of agriculture with land and water management, and with

ecosystem conservation is essential for both environmental sustainability

and agricultural production.

• An environmental perspective must guide the evaluation of all development

projects, recognizing the role of natural resources in local livelihoods.

• To ensure the sustainability of the natural resource base, the recognition of

all stakeholders in it and their roles in its protection and management is

essential.
Health and Sustainable Development

• Human health in its broadest sense of physical, mental and


spiritual wellbeing is to a great extent dependent on the
access of the citizen to a healthy environment.

• Access to safe drinking water and a healthy environment


should be a fundamental right of every citizen.

• Citizens of developing countries continue to be vulnerable to


a double burden of diseases. Traditional diseases such as
malaria and cholera, caused by unsafe drinking water and
lack of environmental hygiene, have not been controlled.
• In addition, people are now falling prey to modern
diseases such as cancer and AIDS, and stress-related
disorders.
• Most developing countries are repositories of a rich
tradition of natural resource-based health care.
• This is under threat, on the one hand from modern
mainstream medicine, and on the other from the
degradation of the natural resource base.

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