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Lesson 1 Sequence and Series

The document defines key concepts related to sequences and series. It discusses that a sequence is an ordered list of numbers with a fixed rule to generate the terms. Sequences can be finite or infinite. Explicit, recursive, and functional forms are presented to write sequences. Examples are provided to find subsequent terms of sequences and write them in different forms. Activities at the end ask the reader to write next terms of sequences and find initial terms given an explicit form.

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Richimon Licerio
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56 views

Lesson 1 Sequence and Series

The document defines key concepts related to sequences and series. It discusses that a sequence is an ordered list of numbers with a fixed rule to generate the terms. Sequences can be finite or infinite. Explicit, recursive, and functional forms are presented to write sequences. Examples are provided to find subsequent terms of sequences and write them in different forms. Activities at the end ask the reader to write next terms of sequences and find initial terms given an explicit form.

Uploaded by

Richimon Licerio
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Sequences

and
Series
Sequence – is a succession
of numbers in specific order.
• Each number in a sequence
is called term.
• The terms are formed
according to some fixed
rule or property.
• They arranged as the first
term, second term, third
term and so on
Two Types of Sequence
Finite sequence – if the
sequence has definite
number of terms.
• the first and the last terms
are clearly identified
Ex. 2,4,6,8,10
3,6,9,12,15,18
2,7,12,17,22,27,32
Infinite sequence – if the
sequence has indefinite
number of terms.
Ex. 2,4,6,8,10, …
2,5,8,11,14, …
• The first and the last terms
of a sequence are referred
to as extremes. The terms
between the first and the
last are called means.
Ex: Find the next three terms
of the following
a.
Sol:
,
So the next term is
, and , and the last term is

𝟐𝟓, 𝟏𝟕,𝟗,𝟏,−𝟕,−𝟏𝟓 ,…
b.
Sol:
,
So the next term is
, and , and the last term is

𝟎.𝟓,𝟏.𝟓,𝟒.𝟓,𝟏𝟑.𝟓 ,𝟒𝟎.𝟓,𝟏𝟐𝟏.𝟓,…
c.
Sol:
,,,,

So the next term is


, and , and the last term is

𝟏,− 𝟒, 𝟗 ,− 𝟏𝟔, 𝟐𝟓, −𝟑𝟔, 𝟒𝟗, …


d.
Sol:
,,,
So the next term is
, and , and the last term is

𝟒 , 𝟓 ,𝟗 ,𝟏𝟒 ,𝟐𝟑 ,𝟑𝟕 , 𝟔𝟎 , …


Domain - gives the relative
position of each term. It is also
same as n.
Range - gives the terms of the
sequence. It is also same as
Ex;
Domain 1st 2nd 3rd 4th
Range 2, 4, 6, 8, …
• A sequence is a function
whose domain is the set of
natural numbers or a
subset of consecutive
positive integers.
Ex 1: Use the functional
relation , where n is a
natural number, to write an
infinite sequence.
Ex 2: Using the consecutive
positive integers write the first
five terms of the sequence
defined by .
Sol:

𝐆 ( 𝟏 ) =𝟎
𝟑
𝐆 ( 𝟐) =
𝟐
𝟗−𝟏 𝟖
𝐆 ( 𝟑) = 𝐆 ( 𝟑) =
𝟑 𝟑
𝟏𝟓
𝐆 ( 𝟒 )=
𝟒
𝟐𝟓 − 𝟏 𝟐𝟒
𝐆 ( 𝟓) = 𝐆 ( 𝟏) =
𝟓 𝟓
∴ the first five terms of the
sequence defined by
𝟏 𝟑 𝟖 𝟏𝟓 𝟐𝟒
𝐆 ( 𝐧 ) =𝐧 − =𝟎 , , , , ,…
𝒏 𝟐 𝟑 𝟒 𝟓
Recursive form – a sequence
is said to be in recursive
form if the first term and a
recursive formula are given.
Recursive formula – is an
expression used to
determine the nth term of
the sequence by using the
term that precedes it.
Ex 1: Find the next two terms in the
given sequence, then write it in
recursive form.
a. 7, 12, 17, 22, 27, …
Sol.
𝒂 𝟔= 𝒂𝟔 −𝟏 +𝟓 𝒂 𝟕=𝒂𝟕 −𝟏 +𝟓
𝒂 𝟔 = 𝒂𝟓 +𝟓 𝒂 𝟕= 𝒂𝟔 +𝟓
𝒂 𝟔=𝟐𝟕+𝟓 𝒂 𝟕=𝟑𝟐+𝟓
𝒂 𝟔=𝟑𝟐 𝒂 𝟕=𝟑𝟕
∴ the next two terms of the sequence
defined by where are
b. 3, 7, 15, 31, 63, …
Sol.
𝒂 𝟔=𝟐(𝒂¿¿𝟔−𝟏)+𝟏¿ 𝒂 𝟕=𝟐(𝒂¿¿𝟕−𝟏)+𝟏¿
𝒂 𝟔=𝟐(𝒂¿¿ 𝟓)+𝟏 ¿ 𝒂 𝟕=𝟐(𝒂¿¿ 𝟔)+𝟏 ¿
𝒂 𝟔=𝟐(𝟔𝟑)+𝟏 𝒂 𝟕=𝟐(𝟏𝟐𝟕 )+𝟏
𝒂 𝟔=𝟏𝟐𝟔+ 𝟏 𝒂 𝟕=𝟐𝟓𝟒 +𝟏
𝒂 𝟔 =𝟏𝟐𝟕 𝒂 𝟕=𝟐𝟓𝟓
∴ the next two terms of the sequence
defined by where are
Ex 2: The recursive formula of
a sequence is
Where Find the next four
terms of the sequence.
Sol. where
𝒂 𝟐=𝒂𝟐 −𝟏 − 𝟖 𝒂 𝟑=𝒂𝟑 −𝟏 − 𝟖
𝒂 𝟐=𝒂𝟏 − 𝟖 𝒂 𝟑=𝒂𝟐 − 𝟖
𝒂 𝟐=𝟐 − 𝟖 𝒂 𝟑=−𝟔 − 𝟖
𝒂 𝟐=−𝟔 𝒂 𝟑=−𝟏𝟒
𝒂 𝟒=𝒂𝟒 −𝟏 −𝟖 𝒂 𝟓=𝒂𝟓 −𝟏 − 𝟖
𝒂 𝟒=𝒂𝟑 −𝟖 𝒂 𝟓=𝒂𝟒 −𝟖
𝒂 𝟒=− 𝟏𝟒 −𝟖 𝒂 𝟓=−𝟐𝟐 − 𝟖
𝒂 𝟒=− 𝟐𝟐 𝒂 𝟓=−𝟑𝟎
∴ the first five terms of the
sequence defined by
where are
Explicit form – a sequence
can also be expressed in a
form in which a preceding
term is not necessary to find
the succeeding terms.
• This explicit form can be
used to find a term of the
sequence by determining
its position.
Ex 1: Determine the next two terms
in the given sequence, then write the
explicit form of the sequence.
a. 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, …
Sol.

𝒂 𝟏=𝟏 𝒂 𝟐 =𝟒 𝒂 𝟑=𝟗

𝒂 𝟒=𝟏𝟔 𝒂 𝟓=𝟐𝟓
𝒂 𝟔=𝟑𝟔 𝒂 𝟕=𝟒𝟗

∴ the next two terms of the


sequence 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, … are

∴ the explicit form of the


sequence is
for every
b. 3, 5, 9, 17, 33, …
Sol. where
𝟑
𝟐
𝒂 𝟐 =𝟐 +𝟏 𝒂 𝟑 =𝟐 +𝟏
𝒂 𝟐 =𝟒+𝟏 𝒂 𝟑 =𝟖 +𝟏
𝒂 𝟐 =𝟓 𝒂 𝟑 =𝟗
𝟓
𝒂 𝟒 =𝟐 +𝟏 𝒂 𝟓 =𝟐 +𝟏
𝟒

𝒂 𝟒 =𝟏𝟔+𝟏 𝒂 𝟓 =𝟑𝟐+𝟏
𝒂 𝟒 =𝟏𝟕 𝒂 𝟓 =𝟑𝟑
𝟔
𝒂 𝟔 =𝟐 +𝟏 𝒂 𝟕 =𝟐 − 𝟏 𝟕

𝒂 𝟔 =𝟔𝟒+ 𝟏 𝒂 𝟕=𝟏𝟐𝟖 − 𝟏
𝒂 𝟔 =𝟔𝟓 𝒂 𝟕 =𝟏𝟐𝟗

∴ the next two terms of the


sequence 3, 5, 9, 17, 33, … are

∴ the explicit form of the sequence


is
for every
Ex 2: Use the given explicit form
of a sequence to write its first
four terms.
a.
Sol. Using

𝒂 𝟏=𝟕(𝟏)−𝟐 𝒂 𝟐=𝟕(𝟐)−𝟐
𝒂 𝟏=𝟕 − 𝟐 𝒂 𝟐=𝟏𝟒 − 𝟐
𝒂 𝟏=𝟓 𝒂 𝟐=𝟏𝟐
𝒂 𝟑=𝟕(𝟑) −𝟐 𝒂 𝟒=𝟕 (𝟒)−𝟐
𝒂 𝟑=𝟐𝟏 −𝟐 𝒂 𝟒=𝟐𝟖 − 𝟐
𝒂 𝟑=𝟏𝟗 𝒂 𝟒=𝟐𝟔
∴ the first four terms of the
sequence defined by
are
b.
Sol. Using

𝟏 𝟐
𝒂 𝟏= 𝒂 𝟐=
𝟏+𝟐 𝟐+𝟐
𝟏 𝟐
𝒂 𝟏= 𝒂 𝟐=
𝟏+𝟐 𝟒
𝟏 𝟏
𝒂 𝟏= 𝒂 𝟐=
𝟑 𝟐
𝟑 𝟒
𝒂 𝟑= 𝒂 𝟒=
𝟑+𝟐 𝟒+𝟐
𝟑 𝟒
𝒂 𝟑= 𝒂 𝟒=
𝟑+𝟐 𝟔
𝟑 𝟐
𝒂 𝟑= 𝒂 𝟒=
𝟓 𝟑
∴ the first four terms of the
sequence defined by
are
Activity 1.A: Write the next
three terms of the sequence and
write it in recursive form.
𝟏.− 𝟏,− 𝟑,−𝟓,…
2
3
4

5
Activity 1.B: Find the first five
terms of the following:
𝟏 . 𝒂𝒏 =𝟒 𝒏− 𝟑
2

3
4
5
Assignment 1:

Answer page 13
“Mental Math”
Letter A and B only
Thank you for
watching!!!
See you soon. 

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