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Tuberculosis PPT R

Detailed description about tuberculosis.

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Ramandeep Kaur
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3K views29 pages

Tuberculosis PPT R

Detailed description about tuberculosis.

Uploaded by

Ramandeep Kaur
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ASHOKA

INSTITUTE OF NURSING
ASHOKA
INSTITUTE OF NURSING
ASHOKA
INSTITUTE OF NURSING
INTRODUCTION:
Tuberculosis is potentially fatal contagious infectious disease most
often caused by caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis typically attacks the lungs, but can also affect other parts
of the body (spine, kidney & brain). The disease has become rare in
high income countries, but is still a major public health problem in
low- and middle-income countries.
ASHOKA
INSTITUTE OF NURSING

Background
Tuberculosis is believed to be
present in the nature for at least
15,000 years.
It was originated in East Africa .
Each year, we commemorate
World Tuberculosis (TB) Day on
March 24 to raise public
awareness about the devastating
health, social and economic
consequences of TB, and to step
up efforts to end the global TB
epidemic.
ASHOKA
INSTITUTE OF NURSING

Continued
The date marks the day in 1882
when Dr Robert Koch announced
that he had discovered the
bacterium that causes TB, which
opened the way towards
diagnosing and curing this disease.
ASHOKA
INSTITUTE OF NURSING

THEME
ASHOKA
INSTITUTE OF NURSING

ETIOLOGY
• Malnutrition – Vitamin D deficiency
• People immigrated from area with high TB.
• Smoking and Alcoholism
• Crowded Places
• Pollution – Asbestosis and Silicosis
• Low Socio Economic Status
• Immunosuppressive Patient: HIV , Cancer , Diabetes
• Unpasteurized Cow Milk ( through M. bovis).
ASHOKA
INSTITUTE OF NURSING

MODE OF TRANSMISSION
ASHOKA
INSTITUTE OF NURSING
ASHOKA
INSTITUTE OF NURSING
DIAGNOSIS
1)Chest Assessment
2)Chest X-Ray: Tuberculin lesions
in lungs.
3)Sputum Culture (Confirmatory
Test): presence of bacilli.
4)Tuberculin Skin Test ( Mountex
Test).
ASHOKA
INSTITUTE OF NURSING

TREATMENT
FIRST LINE DRUGS SECOND LINE DRUGS
(DOTS THEREPY)
 ISONIZID(H)  KANAMYCIN
 RIFAMPICIN (R)  AMIKACIN
 PYRAZINAMIDE(Z)  OFLOXACIN
 ETHAMBUTOL(E)  CIPROFLOXACIN
 STREPTOMYCIN  CAPREOMYCIN

DOTS (DIRECT OBSERVED THEREPY)


Two Phases- (1) Intensive Phase (2-3 months): HREZ
(2) Continuous Phase( 4-6 months):HRE
ASHOKA
INSTITUTE OF NURSING

MULTIDRUG-RESISTANCE TUBERCULOSIS
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a form of
tuberculosis (TB) infection caused by bacteria that are resistant
to treatment with at least two of the most powerful first-line
anti-TB medications (drugs), isoniazid and rifampicin.

Some forms of TB are also resistant to second-line medications,


and are called extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB).
ASHOKA
INSTITUTE OF NURSING

Continued…..
 According to WHO
 Multidrug-resistant TB
remains a public health
crisis and a health security
threat.
 Only about one in three
people with drug resistant
TB accessed treatment in
2020.
ASHOKA
INSTITUTE OF NURSING

COVID-19 & TB
Global Programmatic result of TB is
declined due to untreated , undetected and
unreported cases of COVID-19.
Reduction in TB testing due to COVID-
19 load.
Essential resources( Lab ,Testing
Machine, Health workers) diverted to fight
against COVID-19.
COVID-19 is dangerous for people with
TB as often their lungs are already
damaged making them more vulnerable to
respiratory disease.
ASHOKA
INSTITUTE OF NURSING

TB & HIV

TB is the leading killer of people living with HIV, about 40% of
death among people with HIV are due to TB.
People who are HIV positive are more prone to develop active TB.
Every person diagnosed with TB also needs to be tested for HIV.
Individuals with compromised immune system such as people
living with malnutrition, diabetes, HIV, who use tobacco → have
higher risk of developing active TB.
ASHOKA
INSTITUTE OF NURSING
Acc. to WHO
1.5 million people died from
TB in 2020 (including 214000
people with HIV).
Worldwide, TB is the 13th
leading cause of death and the
second leading infectious killer
after COVID-19 .
10 million people fell ill with
tuberculosis (TB) worldwide.
In which 5.6 million men, 3.3
million women and 1.1 million
children globally.
ASHOKA
INSTITUTE OF NURSING
Continued…..
In 2020, the 30 high TB burden countries accounted for 86% of
new TB cases. Eight countries account for two thirds of the total,
with India leading the count, followed by China, Indonesia, the
Philippines, Pakistan, Nigeria, Bangladesh and South Africa.
ASHOKA
INSTITUTE OF NURSING

Continued…..
66 million lives were saved through TB
diagnosis and treatment between 2000
and 2020.

According to latest national TB patient


cost survey data Globally, close to one in
two TB-affected households face costs
higher than 20% of income.

The world did not reach the milestone of


0% TB patients.
ASHOKA
INSTITUTE OF NURSING

Continued…..
 By 2022, US$ 13 billion is needed annually for TB
prevention, diagnosis, treatment and care.
 Ending the TB epidemic by 2030 is among the health targets
of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals
(SDGs).
ASHOKA
INSTITUTE OF NURSING

Acc. to Indian TB Report


ASHOKA
INSTITUTE OF NURSING

TB CASES REPORTED IN PUNJAB


STATE TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL % %
NOTIFICATION NOTIFICATIO- NOTIFICATIO DECREASE INCREASED
Jan-Feb 2020 -N -N b/w B and A b/w C & B
(A) Mar- April 2020 May-Dec 2020
(B) (C)

PUNJAB 9837 7276 29084 26% 0%


ASHOKA
INSTITUTE OF NURSING

WHO Integrated Package


Triage of people with TB sign and
symptoms or TB disease
Respiratory Separation.
Prompt initiation of effective Tb
treatment of people with TB disease.
Respiratory hygiene.
Upper- room germicidal
ultraviolet(GUV)
Ventilation System.
ASHOKA
INSTITUTE OF NURSING

PREVENTION
1. Early Diagnosis and Treatment.
2. Get the BCG Vaccination to prevent TB.
3. Avoid Close Contact.
4. Isolation.
5. Use personal Respiratory protective devices.
6. Ventilation.
7. Schedule a TB test if you have been exposed
to someone with TB.
8. Healthy Diet
9. Avoid Alcohol & Smoking
10. Hygiene (a): Frequent Handwashing
(b): Clean your home.
ASHOKA
INSTITUTE OF NURSING

World TB Day - Key messages


1. Urgent investment of resources, support, care and
information are vital to win the fight against TB.

2. Essential TB services should be sustained during the


COVID-19 pandemic to ensure that gains made in the
fight against TB are not reversed.

3. Tackling health inequities to ensure health for all.

4. Ending TB requires concerted action by all sectors.


ASHOKA
INSTITUTE OF NURSING

ROLE OF NURSE
To support and management of TB
patients.
Early detection of TB in community.
Hold TB screening clinics in the
community and Hospital Settings.
New Immigrant Screening.
Immunization Services.
Education, Teaching, Research .
Home Visits ( to provide holistic care).
ASHOKA
INSTITUTE OF NURSING
ASHOKA
INSTITUTE OF NURSING
ASHOKA
INSTITUTE OF NURSING

SPECIAL THANKS TO: MRS SANDEEP KAUR


(ASSISTANT PROFESSOR MSN)
MRS. JATINDER KAUR
( ASSISTANT PROFESSOR CHN)

PRESENTATION DESIGNED BY- RAMANDEEP KAUR


( STUDENT B.Sc. NURSING 4TH YEAR)

PRESENTATION GIVEN BY- RIDHI VERMA


RAMANDEEP KAUR
(STUDENTS B.Sc. NURSING 4TH YEAR)
ASHOKA
INSTITUTE OF NURSING

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