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HTML 1

This document provides an introduction to HTML and covers definitions of key terms like HTML, URLs, and browsers. It explains basic HTML tags for formatting text like headings, paragraphs, and horizontal rules. It also discusses how to set document properties like colors and background images in the HTML body element.

Uploaded by

Alfred Amponsah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
78 views

HTML 1

This document provides an introduction to HTML and covers definitions of key terms like HTML, URLs, and browsers. It explains basic HTML tags for formatting text like headings, paragraphs, and horizontal rules. It also discusses how to set document properties like colors and background images in the HTML body element.

Uploaded by

Alfred Amponsah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 35

Introduction to

HTML

1
Definitions
 W W W – World Wide Web.
 HTML – HyperText Markup Language –
The Language of Web Pages on the World
Wide Web.
HTML is a text formatting language.
 URL – Uniform Resource Locator.
 Browser – A software program which is
used to show web pages.

2
 “Normal text” surrounded by
bracketed tags that tell browsers
how to display web pages
 Pages end with “.htm” or “.html”
 HTML Editor – A word processor
that has been specialized to make
the writing of HTML documents
more effortless.

3
Tags

 Codes enclosed in brackets


 Usually paired
<TITLE>My Web Page</TITLE>
 Not case sensitive
<TITLE> = <title> = <TITLE>

4
Choosing Text Editor
 There are many different programs that you
can use to create web documents.
 HTML Editors enable users to create
documents quickly and easily by pushing a
few buttons. Instead of entering all of the
HTML codes by hand.
 These programs will generate the HTML
Source Code for you.

5
Choosing Text Editor
 HTML Editors are excellent tools for
experienced web developers; however; it
is important that you learn and understand
the HTML language so that you can edit
code and fix “bugs” in your pages.
 For this Course, we will focus on using the
standard Microsoft Windows text editors,
NotePad. We may use also textpad.
6
Starting NotePad
NotePad is the standard text editor that
comes with the microsoft windows
operating system. To start NotePad in
windows 9x or XP follow the steps bellow:
 Click on the “Start” button located on your
Windows task bar.
 Click on “Programs” and then click on the
directory menu labeled “Accessories”.
 Locate the shortcut “NotePad” and click
the shortcut once.
7
HTML Page Creation & Editing
In this chapter you will learn to create HTML
pages with a standard text editor.
Objectives
Upon completing this section, you should be
able to
1. Choose a Text Editor.
2. Create a Basic Starting Document.
3. Understand and set Document Properties.
4. View Your Results in a Browser. 8
Creating a Basic Starting
Document
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Al al-Bayt University</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
This is what is displayed.
</BODY>
</HTML>
9
Creating a Basic Starting
Document
 The HEAD of your document point to above
window part. The TITLE of your document
appears in the very top line of the user’s
browser. If the user chooses to “Bookmark”
your page or save as a “Favorite”; it is the
TITLE that is added to the list.
 The text in your TITLE should be as
descriptive as possible because this is what
many search engines, on the internet, use for
indexing your site. 10
Setting Document Properties

 Document properties are controlled


by attributes of the BODY element.
For example, there are color settings
for the background color of the page,
the document’s text and different
states of links.

11
Color Codes
• Colors are set using “RGB” color codes,
which are, represented as hexadecimal
values. Each 2-digit section of the code
represents the amount, in sequence, of
red, green or blue that forms the color. For
example, a RGB value with 00 as the first
two digits has no red in the color.

12
Main Colours

13
RGB Colour Model

14
16 Basic Colors

15
Color Codes
1. WHITE 1. #FFFFFF
2. BLACK 2. #000000
3. RED 3. #FF0000
4. GREEN 4. #00FF00
5. BLUE 5. #0000FF
6. MAGENTA 6. #FF00FF
7. CYAN 7. #00FFFF
8. YELLOW 8. #FFFF00
9. AQUAMARINE 9. #70DB93
10. BAKER’S CHOCOLATE 10. #5C3317
11. VIOLET 11. #9F5F9F
12. BRASS 12. #B5A642
13. COPPER 13. #B87333
14. PINK 14. #FF6EC7
15. ORANGE 15. #FF7F00 16
Color Codes
 If you require more information about color
values, there is an excellent site entitled
“VGDesign’s Interactive Color Cube” that
displays the background color code when
you put your cursor over a small color
sample. The Web address is :
http://www.vgdesign.com/color.html

17
The Body Element
• The BODY element of a web page is an
important element in regards to the page’s
appearance. Here are the attributes of the
BODY tag to control all the levels:
TEXT="#RRGGBB"  to change the color of all
the text on the page (full page text color.)
 This element contains information about the
page’s background color, the background
image, as well as the text and link colors.

18
Background Color
 It is very common to see web pages with
their background color set to white or some
other colors.
 To set your document’s background color,
you need to edit the <BODY> element by
adding the BGCOLOR attribute. The
following example will display a document
with a white background color:
<BODY BGCOLOR=“#FFFFFF”></BODY>
19
TEXT Color
 The TEXT attribute is used to control the
color of all the normal text in the
document. The default color for text is
black. The TEXT attribute would be
added as follows:
<BODY BGCOLOR=“#FFFFFF”
TEXT=“#FF0000”></BODY>
In this example the document’s page
color is white and the text would be red. 20
LINK, VLINK, and ALINK
These attributes control the colors of the different link
states:
1. LINK – initial appearance – default = Blue.
2. VLINK – visited link – default = Purple.
3. ALINK –active link being clicked–default= Yellow.
The Format for setting these attributes is:
<BODY BGCOLOR=“#FFFFFF” TEXT=“#FF0000”
LINK=“#0000FF”
VLINK=“#FF00FF”
ALINK=“FFFF00”> </BODY> 21
Using Image Background
 The BODY element also gives you ability of
setting an image as the document’s background.
 An example of a background image’s HTML code
is as follows:

<BODY BACKGROUND=“hi.gif”
BGCOLOR=“#FFFFFF”></BODY>

22
Previewing Your Work
 Once you have created your basic starting
document and set your document properties it
is a good idea to save your file.
 To save a file, in NotePad, follow these steps:
1. Locate and click on the menu called “File”.
2. Select the option under File Menu labeled
“Save As”.
3. In the “File Name” text box, type in the entire
name of your file (including the extension
name .html).

23
Edit, Save and View Cycle
 To preview Your Work, open a web browser and do
the following:
1. Click on the menu labeled “File”.
2. Locate the menu option, “Open”.

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Edit, Save and View Cycle
3. In the “Open” dialog box, click on the
“Browse” button and locate your web
document.
4. Click “OK” once you have selected your file.

 The web browser will load the same


document but with the new revisions. This
process is the Edit, Save and View Cycle.

25
Headings, Paragraphs, Breaks & Horizontal
Rules

In this chapter you will add headings to your page, insert


paragraphs, add some breaks, and add horizontal
rules.
Objectives
Upon completing this section, you should be able to
1. List and describe the different Heading elements.
2. Use Paragraphs to add text to a document.
3. Insert breaks where necessary.
4. Add a Horizontal Rule.

26
Headings, <Hx> </Hx>
 Inside the BODY element, heading elements
H1 through H6 are generally used for major
divisions of the document. Headings are
permitted to appear in any order, but you will
obtain the best results when your documents
are displayed in a browser if you follow these
guidelines:
1. H1: should be used as the highest level of heading, H2
as the next highest, and so forth.
2. You should not skip heading levels: e.g., an H3 should
not appear after an H1, unless there is an H2 between
them.

27
Headings, <Hx> </Hx>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> Example Page</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H1> Heading 1 </H1>
Heading 1
<H2> Heading 2 </H2> Heading 2
<H3> Heading 3 </H3>
<H4> Heading 4 </H4> Heading 3
<H5> Heading 5 </H5> Heading 4
<H6> Heading 6 </H6> Heading 5
</BODY> Heading 6
</HTML>

28
Paragraphs, <P> </P>
 Paragraphs allow you to add text to a
document in such a way that it will
automatically adjust the end of line to suite
the window size of the browser in which it
is being displayed. Each line of text will
stretch the entire length of the window.

29
Paragraphs, <P> </P>
<HTML><HEAD>
<TITLE> Example Page</TITLE> Heading 1
</HEAD> Paragraph 1,….
<BODY></H1> Heading 1 </H1>
<P> Paragraph 1, ….</P>
<H2> Heading 2 </H2>
Heading 2
Paragraph 2,….
<P> Paragraph 2, ….</P>
<H3> Heading 3 </H3>
<P> Paragraph 3, ….</P>
Heading 3
Paragraph 3,….
<H4> Heading 4 </H4>
<P> Paragraph 4, ….</P> Heading 4
<H5> Heading 5 </H5> Paragraph 4,….
<P> Paragraph 5, ….</P>
<H6> Heading 6</H6>
Heading 5
<P> Paragraph 6, ….</P> Paragraph 5,….
</BODY></HTML> Heading 6
Paragraph 6,….

30
Break, <BR>
 Line breaks allow you to decide where the text
will break on a line or continue to the end of the
window.
 A <BR> is an empty Element, meaning that it
may contain attributes but it does not contain
content.
 The <BR> element does not have a closing tag.

31
Break, <BR>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> Example Page</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY> Heading 1
<H1> Heading 1 </H1> Paragraph 1,….
<P>Paragraph 1, <BR>
Line 2 <BR> Line 3 <BR>…. Line 2
</P> Line 3
</BODY> ….
</HTML>

32
Horizontal Rule, <HR>
 The <HR> element causes the
browser to display a horizontal
line (rule) in your document.
 <HR> does not use a closing tag,
</HR>.

33
Horizontal Rule, <HR>
Attribute Description Default Value
Height of the rule in
SIZE 2 pixels
pixels
Width of the rule in
WIDTH pixels or percentage 100%
of screen width
Draw the rule with a Not set
NOSHADE flat look instead of a
3D look (3D look)

Aligns the line (Left,


ALIGN Center
Center, Right)
Sets a color for the
COLOR Not set
rule (IE 3.0 or later)
34
Horizontal Rule, <HR>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> Example Page</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY> Heading 1
<H1> Heading 1 </H1> Paragraph 1,….
<P>Paragraph 1, <BR>
Line 2 <BR> Line 2
<HR>Line 3 <BR> ______________________
</P> _____
</BODY>
Line 3
</HTML>

35

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