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Illiad and Odyssey

The Iliad tells the story of the Greek struggle to rescue Helen from Troy. It focuses on Achilles' wrath and its consequences. The Odyssey takes place after Troy falls and focuses on Odysseus' 10-year struggle to return home. It follows his battles with mystical creatures and gods as well as his wife and son resisting suitors in his absence. Both epics use common storytelling devices including finding scenes, omens, testing, and guest-friendship structures. The major themes are nostos, the desire to return home, and kleos, the glory earned in battle.

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Desiree Faith V. Dumadag
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89 views30 pages

Illiad and Odyssey

The Iliad tells the story of the Greek struggle to rescue Helen from Troy. It focuses on Achilles' wrath and its consequences. The Odyssey takes place after Troy falls and focuses on Odysseus' 10-year struggle to return home. It follows his battles with mystical creatures and gods as well as his wife and son resisting suitors in his absence. Both epics use common storytelling devices including finding scenes, omens, testing, and guest-friendship structures. The major themes are nostos, the desire to return home, and kleos, the glory earned in battle.

Uploaded by

Desiree Faith V. Dumadag
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ILIAD AND

ODYSSEY
What is the story of Iliad and Odyssey?
“The Iliad tells the story of the Greek struggle to
rescue Helen, a Greek queen, from her Trojan captors.”

“The Odyssey takes the fall of the city of Troy as its


starting point and crafts a new epic around the
struggle of one Greek warriors, the hero Odysseus.”
ILIAD
In Classical Attic; sometimes referred to as the Song
of Ilion or Song of Ilium.

Is an ancient Greek poem in Dactylic hexameter,


traditionally attributed to Homer.
Iliad is among the oldest extant works of Western
Literature.

 Set an event during the Trojan War, the ten-year siege


of the city of Troy (Ilium) by a coalition of the Greek
states, it tells of the battles and events during the
weeks of a quarrel between King Agamemnon and
the Warrior Achilles.
What type of an epic poem is the
Iliad?
Epic Poetry is narrative, usually telling the story of a
great culture hero and his exploits. (The Iliad tells the
story of Achilles, and how his anger affected the
fighting in the great war of Troy.)

There are 2 types of Epics, literary and folk.


What is the main theme of Iliad?
“The main theme of Iliad is stated in the first line, as
homer asks the muse to sing of the “wrath of Achilles”.
This wrath, all its permutations, transformations,
influences, and consequences, makes up the themes
of the Iliad.”

Anger, Strife, Alienation and Reconciliation.


The War
Setting: Troy (modern Hisarlik,
Turkey)
Period: Bronze Age
Traditional Dating: c. 1194-1184 BC
Modern Dating: c. 1260-1180 BC
Outcome: Greek victory and
destruction of Troy
The Characters
Argamemnon – King of Mycenae
Menelaus – King of the Greek Polis of
Sparta
Helen – daughter of Zeus, wife of Menelaus
Paris – younger brother of Hector, Prince of
Troy
Hector – older brother of Paris, Prince of
Troy
Achilles – greatest warrior of the Trojan
War, son of Peleus
Priam – King of Troy
Odysseus – King of Ithica
Briseis – servant of Apollo
Patroclus – cousin of Achilles
Greek and Allies
Agamemnon Thersites
Achilles Achaeans
Helen Myrmidons
Menelaus
Nestor
Odysseus
Ajax
Diomedes
Patroclus
Trojans and Allies
Priam Penthesilea and the
Hecuba Amazons
Hector Sarpedon
Paris
Cassandra
Andromache
Aeneas
Memnon
Troilus
Participant Gods and Godesses
Caused the war: Aris and Zeus

On the Greek side: Athena, Hera,


Hepathaestus, Hermes, Poseidon and Thetis

On the Trojan side: Aphrodite, Apollo,


Ares, Artemis, Leto and Scamander
GODS AND
GODDESSES
Zeus
God of the Sky

Hera
• Goddess of Marriage, Mothers and Families

Poseidon
God of the Sea

Demeter
Goddess of Agriculture

Ares
God of War

Athena
Goddess of Wisdom, War and Useful Arts
Apollo
God of Archery, Music, Poetry, Prophecy, Medicine
and later on God of The Sun
Artemis
Goddess of the Moon, the Hunt and Young Maidens

Hephaestus
God of Blacksmith and Fire

Aphrodite
Goddess of Love and Beauty

Hermes
God of the Roadway, Travelers, Merchants and Theives
Dionysus
God of Wine

Hestia
Goddess of Earth, Home, Domesticity and State

Hades
God of the Underworld

Nike
Goddess of Victory

Nemesis
Goddess of Revenge
Plot
The Trojan war ended when the Greeks
pretended to give up their quest for Helen. The
Greeks left a huge wooden horse as a peace
offering to the Trojans. The Greek navy pretended
to sail away, but they only sailed out to a hidden
location. The joyous Trojans opened the city gates
and pulled in the giant statue. After a great
victory celebration of their defeat of the Greek
army, the people of Troy slept for the night. As
the Trojans slept, Greek soldiers emerged from
their hiding place inside the wooden horse,
opened the city gates and begun to burn the
Odyssey
The Odyssey is Homer’s epic of Odysseus’ 10 year
struggle to return home after the Trojan War. While
Odysseus battles mystical creatures and faces the
wrath of the Gods, and his wife Penelope and his son
Telemachus stave off suitors vying for Penelope’s hand
and Ithaca’s throne long enough for Odysseus to
return.
Odyssey is regarded as one of the most important
foundational works of Western Literature.
It is widely regarded by western literacy critics as a
timeless classic.
It is the 2nd oldest extant work of Western Literature.
Also one of two major ancient Greek epic poems
attributed to Homer. It is, in part, a sequel to Iliad.
STRUCTURE
Finding Scenes
-occurs in the Odyssey when a character discovers
another character within the epic. Finding scenes
proceed as followed:

1. The character encounters or finds another character.


2. The encountered character is identified and
described.
3. The character approaches and then, converses with
the found character.

These finding scenes can be identified all throughout


the epic.
Omens
Omens are another example of a type scene in the
Odyssey. Two important parts of an omen type scene
are the recognition of the omen and the
interpretation. All of the birds omen, shows large
birds attacking small birds. Accompanying each omen
is a wish; this wish can either be explicitly stated or
implicitly implied.
Testing
While testing is a theme in the epic, it also has a very
specific type scene that accompanies it as well.
Throughout the epic, testing of others follows a typical
pattern. This pattern is:

1. Odysseus is hesitant to question the loyalties of


others.
2. Odysseus then tests the loyalties of others by
questioning them.
3. The characters reply to Odysseus questions.

4. Odysseus proceeds to reveal his identity.

5. The characters tests Odysseus identity.

6. There is a rise of emotions associated with Odysseus’


recognition, usually lament or joy.

7. Finally, the reconciled characters work together.


Guest-Friendship
Guest-Friendship is also a theme in the Odyssey, but it
too follows a very specific pattern. This pattern is:

1. The arrival and the reception of the guest.


2. Bathing or providing fresh clothes to the guest.
3. Providing food and drink to the guest.
4. Questions may be asked of the guest and
entertainment should be provided by the host.
5. The guest should be given a place to sleep and both the
guest and host retire for the night.
6. The guest and host exchange gifts, the guest is granted a
safe journey home and departs.

Another important factor of guest-friendship is not


keeping the guest longer than they wish and also
promising their safety while they are a guest within the
host’s home.
THEMES
NOSTOS
 Thematically, the concept of homecoming is much
explored in ancient Greek literature.

• KLEOS
 Is the concept of glory earned in the heroic battle .
THANK YOU!

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