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Buckling Test of Slender Column

The document summarizes buckling failure of columns. It discusses Euler's theory for slender columns, which derived a formula for the critical buckling load of a column based on its length and cross-sectional properties. The document also discusses limitations of Euler's theory and concepts like effective length and different end conditions. It outlines objectives and procedures for experimentally determining the critical buckling load of columns and comparing with theoretical values from Euler's formula.

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KHALAD BIN MASUM 1901010
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123 views

Buckling Test of Slender Column

The document summarizes buckling failure of columns. It discusses Euler's theory for slender columns, which derived a formula for the critical buckling load of a column based on its length and cross-sectional properties. The document also discusses limitations of Euler's theory and concepts like effective length and different end conditions. It outlines objectives and procedures for experimentally determining the critical buckling load of columns and comparing with theoretical values from Euler's formula.

Uploaded by

KHALAD BIN MASUM 1901010
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Buckling test

of slender
column
Kamol Debnath Dip
Lecturer, Civil Dept.
Chittagong University of
Engineering and Technology (CUET)
Column

• The vertical members of a


building frame or any structural
system which carry mainly
compressive loads are called as
columns.
• A compression member is
generally considered to be
column when its unsupported
length is more than 10 times its
least lateral dimension.
Column
• Ultimate (axial) load carried by a
structural member is
• Pu=σuA
• Structural column may be classified
in three categories:
• Long
• Intermediate
• Short
• Long columns fail by buckling or
excessive lateral bending;
intermediate columns, by a
combination of crushing and
buckling; Short compression blocks,
by crushing/plastic squashing.
Type of Failure
of a Column
• Crushing failure/Compression
failure of column
• Buckling failure of column
Buckling of
Column
• A column will buckle when it is
subjected to a load greater than
the critical load denoted by Pcr
• That is, instead of remaining
straight, it will suddenly
become sharply curved as
illustrated in Figure
The Buckling Phenomenon
Euler's Theory for
Slender Columns
• Leonard Euler derived the formula for
the strength of a slender pin-ended
column in 1757
• The critical load/Euler Load is the
maximum load which a column can
bear while staying straight.
• The "critical load" is the greatest load
that will not cause lateral deflection
(buckling). For loads greater than the
critical load, the column will deflect
laterally.
Euler's Theory for
Slender Columns
• It is easily shown that the radius of
curvature at any section is given to a
first approximation by

• The bending moment M is in this case


given by M=Py, so that

• The general solution to this equation is


standard and is
Euler's Theory for
Slender Columns
• Applying these boundary conditions
one obtains

• which leads to the critical value of Pcr


(i.e. the buckling load)
Critical Stress
• We can divide the critical load by A
to get the critical stress.
• Here σcr is the critical stress and is
the slenderness ratio.
Slenderness
ratio
• Slenderness ratio determines
the failure mode. If we look
at the Euler’s equation, we
can see that the critical load
decreases with increased
slenderness ratio.
• If the critical stress is more
than yield stress, plastic
failure mode governs.
Real Scenario
• Transition is much more
gradual because of inelastic
buckling.
• Euler’s formula has quite
good relationship with real
data for very slender column,
but there is still some
limitations.
• Eccentricity of the load is not considered.
Euler’s limitation • The strut will have small inferpection.
End Restrained
Column: The Effective
Length Concept

• In real situation columns may


have a range of support
condition giving rise to the
concept of end restrained
column.
• The presence of end restraint
affect the column strength
and it is desirable to make
proper allowance for this in
both the analysis and the
design of column.
Objective

• To determine Euler load /critical


load/buckling load of slender
columns experimentally .
• To determine Euler load /critical
load/buckling load of slender
columns theoretically from Euler
formula for slender columns.
• To compare the experimental
critical loads and theoretical
critical loads.
Procedure

• Measure Dia, length etc.


• Look for support condition and
Apply load
• Read max. load (N)
• Calculate theoretical load and
compare with experimental value.
Assignment (individual)
• Assumptions of Euler formula
• Derive the equation of Euler Critical load for pin ended column.
• Derive the equation of Euler Critical load for fixed ended column.

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