BOARD

MATHEMATICS IN THE
MODERN WORLD
(MATHMOW)

Lesson 2:
Language of Mathematics
Lecturer:
Ms. Pamela D. Billones

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 TOPICS
BOARD

Symbols of Mathematics
Comparison of English
Language and
Math Language
Translation of English
Statements to Mathematical
Statements
The Language of Sets
and Problem
Solving
Why do we need to know the
language
⮚ oftoMath's?
To be able understand the
⮚ idea/concepts of Math’s
To figure out clearly the logic of math’s

CHARACTERISTICS OF MATHEMATICAL
✔
LANGUAGE
Precise ✔ Concise ✔ Powerful
✔ Preci
se to make very fine
⮚ able
distinctions

Ed Sheeran album covers

over time
✔ Conci
se to say things briefly
⮚ able
✔ Powerf
ul to express complete thoughts with
⮚ able
relativeallows
Mathematics easeyour GPS to find the shortest route
for you in very little time.
Mathematics makes calculators, which means you
don’t need to waste brain power on calculations.

Mathematics drives spreadsheets, which host millions

of models of businesses, projects and such.

Mathematics is a driver of social equality. Being at

home with mathematics is a source of power. It opens
doors to many different careers.
 Topic 1: Symbols of Mathematics BOARD

Mathematics is a Common
symbolic language. ❑Symbols in Math
The ten digits
⮚ a symbolic language is ❑ Operations
a language that uses characters ❑ Sets
or symbols to represent concepts, ❑ Variables
such as mathematical operations, ❑ Equations
expressions, and statements, and ❑ Greek Letters
❑ Logic Symbols
the entities or operands on which ❑ Number Sets
the operations are performed
 Topic 1: Symbols of Mathematics
+ -
Below
x
Above
Add Decline Double
Altogeth Decrease Every
er Descend Half Of
And Differenc Product
10 Ascend e Times
Deposit Discount Triple
0Digits
5 Operati Gain Fewer Twice
1 6 ons Grew
Increase
Less
Lost ÷
2 7 Longer Minus Distribute
3 8 Than Remove Divide
More Shorter
4 9 Than
Find Each
Plus Find Per
Save Subtract Quotient
Sum Take Share
 Topic 1: Symbols of Mathematics

Sets
A set is basically a  
collection of things
that typically have
something in
common.

Each item in a set is

called an element.
An element can be a
number, letter, color,
food, piece of
 Topic 1: Symbols of Mathematics

Variable Greek
s temporary name to what
⮚ Letters
are seeking so that you
can perform
computations with it to
help discover its possible
values
 Topic 1: Symbols of Mathematics

Equatio
nsa mathematical statement consisting of an equal symbol
⮚
between two algebraic expressions that have the same value
 Topic 1: Symbols of Mathematics

Logical Number
Symbols
Connectiv Symb Type of Sets
   
e ol Statement
and conjunction
or disjunction
not negation
if…then conditional
if and only
biconditional
if
Topic 2: Comparison of English Language and Math BOARD
Language

Mathematics is
written in a
symbolic language th
at is designed to
express 
mathematical thought
English language is
s.
a source of
knowledge, but it is
not designed for
doing
Topic 2: Comparison of English Language and Math Language
 Topic 2: Comparison of English Language and Math Language

SOME DIFFICULTIES IN THE

MATH LANGUAGE
❖ Different meaning/use of words in Math and English

❖ The different uses of numbers: cardinal, ordinal or

nominal
cardinal numbers 
⮚ communicates the basic notion of “how many”, such as four may tell us
how many tickets we have for an event
ordinal numbers 
⮚ communicate location in an ordered sequence, such as first, second, third
nominal numbers 
⮚ number that can be an identification, such as a ticket number
 Topic 2: Comparison of English Language and Math Language

COMMON ISSUES IN CONVERTING

ENGLISH PHRASES TO MATHEMATICAL PHRASES
⮚ Using the wrong key word for the
⮚ problem
Incorrect order with subtraction
⮚ Redundancy
⮚ Use of punctuation
 Topic 3: Translation of English Statements to Mathematical Statements

Key
Operation Example Translation
Word/Phrase
plus a number plus three
more than Ten more than a number
The sum of a number and
the sum of
five
The total of six and some
the total of
number
increased
minus by A
A number
number increased by two
minus seven
added to
less than Eleven added
Four less than to a number
a number
The difference of a number
the difference of
and three
less Nine less a number
A number decreased by
decreased by
twelve
 Topic 3: Translation of English Statements to Mathematical Statements

Key
Operation Example Translation
Word/Phrase
times Eight times a number
The product of fourteen and
the product of
a number
Twice a number, Double a
twice, double
number
A number multiplied by
multiplied by
negative six
The quotient of a number
the quotient of
of Three
and fourths of a number
seven

divided by Ten divided by a number

The ratio of a number to

the ratio of
fifteen
 Topic 3: Translation of English Statements to Mathematical Statements

Key
Operation Example Translation
Word/Phrase
the square of, The square of a number,
squared A number squared
the cube of, The cube of a number,
cubed A number cubed
Seven less than a number
equals
equals ten
Three times a number is
is
negative six
Eight is the same as twice a
is the same as
number
Twelve added to a number
yields
yields five
Nine less a number amounts
 Topic 3: Translation of English Statements to Mathematical Statements

English STATEMENTS Mathematical

EXPRESSIONS
1. Two less than thrice a number  
2. The product of 5 and p  
3. Ten times a number  

4. Four times the square of a number c  

5. The quotient of a number s and thirty-  
seven
 Topic 3: Translation of English Statements to Mathematical Statements

Mathematical English STATEMENTS

EXPRESSIONS
6. Seven more than x is more than twice the
difference of x and 5
7. The quotient of 7 and a number x less 2
8. 4 less than 3 times t
9. Eight less than x is less than four less x
10.One-quarter of c added to the square of b
 Topic 4: The Language of Sets

Any group or collection of objects is called a SET. The objects

that belong in a set are the elements, or members of the set.
A set is a collection of well-defined objects. Set is
conventionally represented by capital letters such as 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶, …
etc. These objects are called elements. Set is denoted with
braces or curly brackets { }.

Note: Each element in a set should be separated by comma.

 Topic 4: The Language of Sets

1. A set of counting numbers  

from 1 to 5.
2. A set of English letters from  
a to d.
3. A set of all even positive  
integers.
4. A set of an integers.  

5. Set of natural numbers  

Note: Ellipsis is denoted as … which is used to show that an

established pattern continues.
 Topic 4: The Language of Sets

Each member of the set is called an element and the “∈”

notation means that an item belongs to a set while ∉ notation
means that an item does not belong to a set.
 

         

Is 6 an element 6 is not an element of

of A? set A.
 
 Topic 4: The Language of Sets
TERMINOLOGIES OF SETS
Unit Set
- a set that contains only one      
element
Empty Set / Null
Set
- a set that has no element    

Finite Set
- a set that the elements in a given set    
is countable
Infinite Set
- a set that elements in a given set has no end or
not countable  
   
 Topic 4: The Language of Sets
TERMINOLOGIES OF SETS
Cardinal
Number
 

   
   

   

Universal Set
- the set of all elements under discussion
 
 
 Topic 4: The Language of Sets
TERMINOLOGIES OF SETS
Equivalent Set
Two sets, say A and B, are said to be equivalent if and only if they have the
exact number of elements, denoted by 𝐴 ≡ 𝐵. There is a 1 to 1
correspondence.
 
 
Equal Set
Two sets, say A and B, are said to be equal if and only if they have equal
number of cardinality and the element/s are identical, denoted by 𝐴 = 𝐵.
There is a 1 to 1 correspondence.
 
 
 Topic 4: The Language of Sets
TERMINOLOGIES OF SETS
Joint Sets
Two sets, say A and B, are said to be joint sets if and only if they have
common element/s.
 

Disjoint Sets
Two sets, say A and B, are said to be disjoint if and only if they are mutually
exclusive or if they don’t have common element.
 
 Topic 5: Problem Solving

Probl Drill/
⮚
emis a situation that confronts ⮚ a situation that requires
Exercise
the learner, that requires resolution but the method
resolution, and for which the is clear and the way to the
path to the answer is not answer is easily seen
immediately knownMETHODS OF
SOLVING PROBLEMS
❑ Inductive Method ❑ Deductive ❑ Using a
a process of reaching a is the process of
Method is aPattern
method that
general conclusion by reaching to a applies certain
examining specific conclusion by pattern to solve for
examples. applying general the unknown value
assumptions,
 Topic 5: Problem Solving BOARD

Proble
m 1:
Numbe Numbe
CJ has red tiles and black tiles. CJ uses r r Total
the tiles to make a square shapes. He Shape of of Number
Black Red of Tiles
made the following : Tiles Tiles
3x3 1 8 9
4x4 4 12 16
5x5 9 16 25
The 3 × 3 6x6 16    
shape The 4 × 4 7x7 25    
has 1 black shape has 4 8x8
tile black tiles
CJ made a shape with 64
and 8 red
tiles.
tiles.
and 12 red 36 black
tiles.
a. How many were black? 28 red
tiles
 Topic 5: Problem Solving BOARD

Proble Number of
m 2: Terms
Figure

A sequence of four figures is shown 1 1

below. 2 3
3 5
4 7
5
Fig Fig Fig Fig
6
1 2 3 4
7
If the figures were 8
continued, 9
how many circles would 19 circles
10
 Topic 5: Problem Solving BOARD

Proble

SUD
m 3:

OKU
 Problem Set 2
BOARD

Problem Set 2 is already posted on our Google

Classroom.
Instructions:
1. Write your solutions and answers on clean
sheets of white short bond papers.
2. Use only pens with blue or black ink.
3. Scan your solutions sheet(s) in one (.pdf)-
format file and edit the filename as
(Surname.Firstname.pdf)
4. Submit your solutions by uploading the file
through Google Classroom before the
deadline.
 Next Session
BOARD

Mathematics of Finance

Thank u! ♥