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People As Resource: Chapter - 2

This document provides an overview of human resources as an economic concept. It defines resources and types of resources, with a focus on human resources. It outlines the importance of human capital development through education, training, and healthcare. It also discusses key indicators of human capital like literacy rates and life expectancy. Government initiatives to improve education, health, skill development, and employment are summarized. The roles of primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors in employment are briefly outlined.

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4K views

People As Resource: Chapter - 2

This document provides an overview of human resources as an economic concept. It defines resources and types of resources, with a focus on human resources. It outlines the importance of human capital development through education, training, and healthcare. It also discusses key indicators of human capital like literacy rates and life expectancy. Government initiatives to improve education, health, skill development, and employment are summarized. The roles of primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors in employment are briefly outlined.

Uploaded by

himani singh
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CHAPTER - 2

PEOPLE AS RESOURCE
CLASS – IX
T. Parambir Singh
PGT Economics, JNV Anantnag
PART - 1
TOPICS
• MEANING OF RESOURCE
• TYPES OF RESOURCES
• IMPORTANCE OF HUMAN RESOURCE
MEANING OF RESOURCE
• RESOURCE IS ANYTHING THAT CAN BE USED TO SATISFY A NEED / WANT.
• EXAMPLE: MOBILE PHONES HELPS US IN CONNECTING PEOPLE. THEREFORE,
MOBILE PHONE IS A RESOURCE. OTHER EXAMPLES INCLUDE WATER, FOREST,
SOIL, LAPTOP, ETC.
TYPES OF RESOURCES

• NATURAL RESOURCE: - Resources that are drawn from nature


and used without much modification are known as Natural
Resources.
• HUMAN MADE RESOURCE: - People use natural resources to
make buildings bridges, roads, machinery, vehicles, etc. These are
made by man for various uses and are human made resources.
• HUMAN RESOURCE : - It refers to the number (quantity) and
ability (mental and physical) of the people.
IMPORTANCE OF HUMAN RESOURCE
• When the population of a country is given education, training and
medical facilities then it becomes human capital.
• Human resource shows its ability to contribute to the creation of
the Gross National Product (GNP).
• Education, training and medical facilities added to the quality of
labour. This enhances his total productivity and contribute to the
economic growth.
• Human capital is superior to other resources like land and physical
capital as human resource can make use of land and capital.
IMPORTANCE OF HUMAN RESOURCE
• Society also gains indirectly because the advantages of more
educated or a healthier population spreads to those who themselves
were not directly educated or given healthcare.
• Improving the quality of people’s skill so that they are able to create
more resources is known as Human Resource Development(HRD).
• HRD Ministry was created in 1985 to improve people’s skill.
CLASSIFICATION OF ACTIVITIES INTO SECTORS

• PRIMARY SECTOR
• Primary sector is concerned with the utilization of raw materials from nature
• Includes agriculture, mining, forestry, poultry farming, fishing, hunting and
food gathering.
• SECONDARY SECTOR
• Manufactures finished goods.
• It uses the output of the primary sector
• Includes automobile production, breweries and bottling, construction, ship
building, etc.
CLASSIFICATION OF ACTIVITIES INTO SECTORS

• TERTIARY SECTOR
• It is also called service sector. It provides services to the general population and
business.
• The activities include banking, finance, insurance, investment, transportation,
information, and communications services, etc.
• Services are intangible goods
• All the activities under the three sectors result in production of goods and
services adding value to national income. These activities are termed as
Economic Activities.
ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES
• MARKET ACTIVITIES
• Production activities that involve remuneration to anyone who performs.
• Activities performed for pay or profit
• For eg. Govt services
• NON-MARKET ACTIVITIES
• Production of goods and services for self-consumption
• Can be consumption and processing of primary product and own account
production of fixed assets.
LABOUR DIVISION BETWEEN MEN AND WOMEN

• WOMEN
• Looks after household activities
• Due to low education and low skilled formation most women work in
less job security areas.
• MEN
• Works in the fields for earning
• Generally paid higher than that of women
QUALITY OF POPULATION
• Literacy Rate:
• It measures the proportion of literate population in the age group of 7
and above
• Health:
• Indicated by life expectancy. Life expectancy is the number of years
that an average person can expect to live
• Skill formation:
• Can be acquired by giving training to the labour force. Budget 2020-
21 allocated Rs. 3000 crores for skill development.
EDUCATION
• Importance of Education
• Important for economic growth
• It is a right and also needed for proper performance of duties
• Contributes to growth of society
• Increases the efficiency of governance
• Promotes cultural richness
TRENDS IN EDUCATION SECTOR
• Literacy rate increased
1951 2010-11
18% 74%

• Vast differences observed across different sections


• Male literacy rate 16.6% higher than female
• Urban literacy rate is 16.1% higher than that of rural areas
• Literacy rate in Kerala is 94% and in Bihar it is 62% according to
2011 census
GOVERNMENT ACTION ON EDUCATION
• Vocational streams developed
• Increase expenditure as a percentage of GDP
1950-51 2015-16
0.64 3.0

• Budget 2020-21 proposes to provide about Rs. 99300 crores


• Schemes launched – SSA (Sarva Siksha Abhiyan) launched in 2001
RMSA (Rashtriya Madhyamik Siksha Abhiyan)
launched in March 2009
Growth in the number of Universities and institutions of higher learning

Year No. of colleges No. of Universities Students Teachers


1950-51 750 30 2,63,000 24,000
2015-16 41,435 753 2,84,84,741 14,38,000
HEALTH
• It is not only of absence of disease but also the ability to realise one’s
potential
• Indicators of health – Infant Mortality Rate, Death Rate
• Improvement in the health of population – a top priority
• Health infrastructure includes – hospitals, doctors, nurses and other
paramedical professionals, beds, equipment required in hospitals and
well developed pharmaceutical industry
• Should be accessible to all the people
Govt action on health facilities
• NATIONAL HEALTH MISSION
• Launched in 2013
• To enable equitable, affordable and quality healthcare facilities
• SWACHH BHARAT MISSION
• Launched in Oct 2nd 2014
• Attaining an open defecation free India
• NATIONAL HEALTH POLICY 2017
• Expenditure on health to be increased from 1.15% of GDP to 2.5% of
GDP by 2025
UNEMPLOYMENT
• Unemployment is said to exist when people in the age group of 15-59
years is willing to work at the going wage rate but cannot find job
• It leads to wastage of manpower
• Poverty increases
• Tends to increase economic overload
• Quality of life and that of society is adversely affected
Types of unemployment
• Seasonal unemployment: Seasonal unemployment happens when
people are not able to find jobs during some months of the year.
• Disguised Unemployment: When a work requires the services of five
people but engages eight people. Three people are extra. If these three
people can be removed without affecting productivity, then these three
people are said to be disguisedly unemployed.
• Educated Unemployment: when aperson is educated and he is not
able to find a suitable and efficient job, then he is an educated
unemployed person.
EMPLOYMENT SCENARIO IN THE THREE SECTORS

• AGRICULTURE
• Most labour absorbing sector (54.6% of population acc. To 2011
census)
• SECONDARY SECTOR
• Small scale enterprise absorbs the most labour force in secondary
sector
• TERTIARY SECTOR
• Share of services in employment in 2014 is 28.7%
• Key driver of economic growth
EMPLOYMENT GENERATION
• More investment in agriculture and related activities
• Development of infrastructure
• Providing of loans

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