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Loosely Coupled Architecture-Kmap, Intercluster and Intracluster Communication

The document describes a loosely coupled distributed memory architecture. Each processor has a large local memory and I/O devices. Computer modules communicate through a message transport system. Kmap handles communication and memory mapping between computer modules. It uses queues to concurrently process up to 8 requests. Intracluster communication involves a master computer module initiating a nonlocal memory reference, address translation by Kmap, and signal return. Intercluster uses forward and return messages between Kmaps via an intercluster bus.

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sudhnwa ghorpade
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141 views

Loosely Coupled Architecture-Kmap, Intercluster and Intracluster Communication

The document describes a loosely coupled distributed memory architecture. Each processor has a large local memory and I/O devices. Computer modules communicate through a message transport system. Kmap handles communication and memory mapping between computer modules. It uses queues to concurrently process up to 8 requests. Intracluster communication involves a master computer module initiating a nonlocal memory reference, address translation by Kmap, and signal return. Intercluster uses forward and return messages between Kmaps via an intercluster bus.

Uploaded by

sudhnwa ghorpade
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit 6:Distributed Memory Architecture.

Point 1–Loosely Coupled Architecture –


Kmap,Intracluster and Intercluster communication

Dr. Mrs Mamata Sachin Kalas


Email id:[email protected]
Introduction
• A multiprocessor system is an interconnection of two or more
CPUs with memory and input-output equipment.
• The term “processor” in multiprocessor can mean either a
central processing unit (CPU) or an input-output processor
(IOP).
• Multiprocessors are classified as multiple instruction stream,
multiple data stream (MIMD) systems.

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Point 1.Loosely coupled architecture
Loosely Coupled Multiprocessor
• Each processor has a set of input-output devices and a large
local memory.
• Computer module: processor, local memory, i/o interface.
• Processes in different CM communicates through MTS.
• Degree of coupling is loose which is determined by
communication topology of MTS.
• Efficient when interactions are minimum.

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Point 1.Loosely coupled architecture
Example: cm* Architecture

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Point 1.Loosely coupled architecture
Kmap

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Point 1.Loosely coupled architecture
Components of K map
• Kbus-Bus controller arbitrates the requests to mapbus.
• Linc –managescommunication between Kmap and
other Kmap.
• Pmap-Mapping processor responds to requests from
Kbus and Linc.
• Performs most of the request processing.
• Three sets of queues provide interfaces between
Kbus,Linc and Pmap.
• Kmap is multiprogrammed to handle 8 concurrent
requests(partitions) called context.
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Point 1.Loosely coupled architecture
Intracluster communication

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Point 1.Loosely coupled architecture
Steps in Intracluster Communication
• Whenever processor of computer module makes nonlocal
reference-Master Cm.
• In response to service requests,Kbus allocates Pmap context
and fetches virtual address of memory reference via mapbus.
• Kbus activates new context containing virtual address.
• Pmap context performs virtual to physical address translation.
• Context is initiated invoking Kbus operation by loading request
in to Kbus outqueue.
• Pmap makes context switch to another runnable context.
• Kmap services out requests by sending physical address via
mapbus to destination Cm.
• Destination Cm completes memory access, signals return
request to Kmap.
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Point 1.Loosely coupled architecture
Intercluster memory access
• Intercluster memory access is done by passing messages via
intercluster bus.
• Messages are of two types:
1. Forward message
2. Return message
• Forward msg invokes new context at dest Kmap. It also
contains source Kmap number and originating Pmap context
number.
• Return msg contains the context number of the context to be
reactivated.

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Point 1.Loosely coupled architecture
Intercluster memory access

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Point 1.Loosely coupled architecture

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