Scribd
Upload
246 views29 pages

Digital Instruments

The document discusses various digital instruments including digital multimeters, frequency meters, timers, counters, tachometers, pH meters, phase meters, and capacitance meters. It provides details on the basic circuitry and operating principles of these instruments, which employ analog to digital conversion and digital displays. The instruments described are used to digitally measure quantities such as voltage, current, frequency, time, speed, pH, phase, and capacitance.

Uploaded by

akshaya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
246 views29 pages

Digital Instruments

The document discusses various digital instruments including digital multimeters, frequency meters, timers, counters, tachometers, pH meters, phase meters, and capacitance meters. It provides details on the basic circuitry and operating principles of these instruments, which employ analog to digital conversion and digital displays. The instruments described are used to digitally measure quantities such as voltage, current, frequency, time, speed, pH, phase, and capacitance.

Uploaded by

akshaya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 29

DIGITAL INSTRUMENTS

ANJANI
ASST.
PROFESSOR
DEPT OF ECE
Lesson plan:
Sl Topic Date Date Remark
No planned engaged
1. Introduction, Digital Multimeters

2. Digital Frequency Meter, Digital


Measurement of Time
3. Universal Counter, Decade Counter,
Electronic Counter
4. Digital Tachometer, Digital pH Meter

5. Digital Phase Meter, Digital


Capacitance Meter,
Microprocessor basedInstruments.
Content:
Introduction,
 Digital Multimeters,
Digital Frequency Meter,
Digital Measurement of Time,
Universal Counter, Decade Counter,
Electronic Counter,
Digital Tachometer,
Digital pH Meter,
 Digital Phase Meter, Digital Capacitance Meter,
Microprocessor basedInstruments.
Introduction:
Digital instruments are rapidly replacing
their analog counterparts.
Digital system may consist resistor,
capacitor, transistor, linear ICs, digital ICs,
display devices, ADC, DAC.
Digital multimeter:
Digital meters employ some kind of analog
to digital converter and visible readout
display at the converter output.
3 major classes are panel meters, bench type
meters, system meters.
Panel meters placed at one location, while
bench meters and system meters are often
multimeters i.e they can read ac and dc
currents and resistance over several ranges.
Digital multimeter:
Current to voltage converter:
Digital panel meter:
These meters can be obtained with a tri-
state binary coded decimal output.
Tristate output provide high impedance,
high and low state.
Bench type meter:
It uses 3 and half digit readout and 0.5%
accuracy, to 5 and half digit devices with 1μV
resolution.
Digital picoammeter measure very small
currents and can resolve about 1pA.

System type meter:


System type DVM are designed to provide
the basic ADC function in data system.
Digital frequency meter:
Digital frequency meter:
The signal waveform is converted to trigger
pulses and applied continuously to an AND
gate.
A pulses of 1sec applied to the other
terminal, the number of pulses counted
during this period indicates frequency.
The number of pulses occurring in a finite
interval of time, counted by an electronic
counter.
Basic circuit of digital frequency meter:
Basic circuit of digital frequency meter:
The signal may be amplified before being
applied to the Schmitt trigger.
Schmitt trigger converts the input signal
into square wave with fast rise and fall time.
The output from Schmitt trigger is a train of
pulses, one pulse for each cycle of signal.
When START/STOP gate is enabled, input
pulses pass through the gate, electronic
counter counts the number of pulses
Basic circuit of digital frequency meter:
When gate is disabled, the counter stops
counting the pulses.
The counter displays the number of pulses
that have passed through it in the time
interval between start and stop.
Digital measurement of time:
The beginning of the time period is the start
pulse originating from input 1, end of time
period is stop pulse coming from input 2.
The oscillator pulses reach the output only
during the period when F\F is in state 1.
The number of output pulses counted is a
measure of the time period.
Time base selector:
In order to know the value of frequency of input
signal, time interval between start and stop of
gate must be known this is called time base.
Time base consist of a fixed frequency crystal
oscillator, called a clock oscillator.
Output of constant frequency oscillator is fed to
Schmitt trigger, which converts input sine wave
to train of pulses at rate equal to frequency of
clock oscillator.
Time base selector:
Time base selector:
Decade divider consists of decade counter,
divides frequency by ten.
The circuit has clock oscillator of frequency
1MHz.
The output of Schmitt trigger is 106 per second,
corresponds to time of 1 microsecond.
By using 6 decade frequency divider, time base
with range of 1μs to 1s selected using switch.
Measurement of time:
Measurement of time:
At low frequencies to obtain good accuracy
measurements of period is done rather than
direct frequency measurement.
The gating signal controls enabling and
disabling of main gate.
The number of pulses which occur during
one period of unknown signal are counted
and displayed.
Single and multiple period measurement
Ratio and multiple ratio measurement:
Universal counter:
Digital tachometer:
Digital pH meter:
Digital phase meter:
Digital capacitance meter:

You might also like