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L5 Controlling Processes

The nervous system and endocrine system work together to control processes in the human body. The nervous system receives information from inside and outside the body and directs responses. It is composed of neurons, the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. The nervous system maintains homeostasis using sensory, motor, and interneurons. The endocrine system regulates the body through hormone release from glands like the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. Both systems work via negative feedback loops to keep the body's internal environment stable.

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Mawadda Aljawadi
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34 views

L5 Controlling Processes

The nervous system and endocrine system work together to control processes in the human body. The nervous system receives information from inside and outside the body and directs responses. It is composed of neurons, the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. The nervous system maintains homeostasis using sensory, motor, and interneurons. The endocrine system regulates the body through hormone release from glands like the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. Both systems work via negative feedback loops to keep the body's internal environment stable.

Uploaded by

Mawadda Aljawadi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Topic 2 : Human

Body systems
Lesson 5: Controlling Processes .
Lesson objectives
Nervous system
• The nervous system is your body’s communication network
Your Nervous system
• receives information about what is happening inside and outside
your body.
• Then it directs how your body responds to this information.

• It also helps maintain homeostasis, which keeps your internal


environment stable.
• The nervous system is made from the Brain, spinal cord and nerves.
Like any other system……
• It is made from cells,tissues and organs.
• A cell that carries information through the nervous system is called a
Neuron or a nerve cell .
• The structure of a neuron helps ion its function .
Dendrites : branched
structure that picks up
information.

Cell body

Axon: receives information


from the dendrite and sends it
away from the cell.
Nervous system

CNS (central PNS(peripheral


nervous system) nervous system)

Network of nerves
Brain & Spinal
that branch out
Cord
from the CNS

Controls most of Connects the CNS


the body and to the rest of the
mind . body.
Sensory neuron :
Picks up stimulus from the
internal or external environment
and converts the stimulus into a
message.

An interneuron : carries
messages from sensory
neuron to another neuron .

Motor neuron :
Sends the message to a
muscle or gland, which
reacts accordingly.
Nerve impulses
• The function of a neuron is to transmit information.
1. Dendrite receive information
2. the neuron sends the information along the cell through the long
axon .
3. The message carried by the neuron is called a nerve impulse.
4. The axon transmits the impulse to nearby cells.
Synapse: the junction where one neuron can transfer
electric signal(impulse) to another neuron.
CNS (Central nervous system)
• The brain is the part of the CNS that is located in the skull and
controls most functions of the body .

• The spinal cord is a thick column of nervous tissue that links the brain
to most of the nerves that branch out through the body.
Covered by
layers of

The Brain connective


tissue and a
fluid that help
protect the
Has about 100 billion
neurons
brain from
(interneurons) injury

Its components
control voluntary
and involuntary
It has three
actions such as heart
main
components: brain muscular
brain stem coordination .
The spinal cord
The vertebral column contains the spinal cord.

It is surrounded by layers of connective tissues along with a


layer of fluid.
PNS (peripheral nervous system )
Network of nerves that
connects the CNS to the
rest of the body is the
PNS.

It has 43 pairs of nerves.


Controls voluntary and involuntary actions .

Sensory neurons bring impulses to the CNS .

Motor neurons carry impulses from the CNS out to the body .
PNS Nerves

Somatic Autonomic

Voluntary actions . Involuntary actions .


Ex: typing a text Ex: digestion
message Pupil dilation
The Endocrine system
• The endocrine system regulates the body by releasing
chemicals called hormones.
• The endocrine system is made from glands.
• A gland is an organ that produces and releases chemicals
through ducts or into the bloodstream.
Regulators
• The Hypothalamus: links between the nervous system and
endocrine system .
• It is located deep inside the brain, just above the spinal cord.
• Its function is to send out nerve and chemical signals.
• Its signals controls sleep , hunger, and other basic processes.
• It produces hormones that regulate other glands and organs
of the endocrine system.
Regulators
• The Pituitary gland:
• It is pea-sized gland .
• It receives signals from the hypothalamus and releases
hormones.
• Some of theses hormones are signals to other endocrine
glands.
• It produces Growth hormone that go to work directly on
different body tissues.
Hormone Control
Like a refrigerator, your endocrine system
works to maintain equilibrium, or
Homeostasis.

When the amount of the hormone in the


blood reaches a certain level, the
endocrine system sends signals to stop
the release of that hormone.

The process by which a system is turned


off by the condition it produces is called
negative feedback.

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