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Module 2

This document provides an overview of general concepts on occupational safety and health (OSH). It discusses accident causation theories including unsafe acts and unsafe conditions. Unsafe acts are human actions that violate procedures while unsafe conditions are hazards with potential to cause injury. Most accidents are preventable and caused by unsafe acts or conditions. The document also outlines benefits of implementing safety and health practices in the workplace such as protecting employees and increasing productivity. It defines safety hazards as potential sources of harm from events like falls or being struck by objects, while health hazards involve chemicals, noise exposure or overcrowding. Risk levels are also defined.

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AlbertDatu
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
126 views

Module 2

This document provides an overview of general concepts on occupational safety and health (OSH). It discusses accident causation theories including unsafe acts and unsafe conditions. Unsafe acts are human actions that violate procedures while unsafe conditions are hazards with potential to cause injury. Most accidents are preventable and caused by unsafe acts or conditions. The document also outlines benefits of implementing safety and health practices in the workplace such as protecting employees and increasing productivity. It defines safety hazards as potential sources of harm from events like falls or being struck by objects, while health hazards involve chemicals, noise exposure or overcrowding. Risk levels are also defined.

Uploaded by

AlbertDatu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Module 2 – Understanding OSH

II. General Concepts on OSH


- Accident Causation Theories
- Accident and Prevention

1. Unsafe Act and Unsafe Conditions

2. Accident Prevention

3. Benefits of having Safety and Health Practices


in the Workplace
Objectives
• Participants will be able to understand and apply the
concepts on OSH in their workplaces,
• To be able to know the accident causation and their
prevention,
• To determine what is the unsafe act and unsafe conditions,
• To understand the benefits of safety and health practices in
their workplaces,
• To be able to differentiate safety hazards, health hazards
and risks and
• To know the levels of Risks
An occurrence or event that is:

 unplanned  property damage


 unexpected  personal injury
 unforeseen  loss or death

 unwanted  work stoppage


Incident or Near Miss
Is an unplanned or unexpected occurrence
or event that does not results in personal
injury and property damage
Common Reasons for Accident in
Layman’s version:
• ‘Oras na niya’
• ‘Malas niya lang’
• ‘Tanga kasi’
• ‘Kasama sa trabaho’

These are not real causes - - -


only EXCUSES!
Unsafe ACT

• A human action that departs from a standard or written job


procedure or common practice, safety rules, regulations, or
instructions.

• A violation of a commonly-accepted safe procedures and or


processes.
Unsafe Condition

• Are hazards that have the potential to cause


injury or death to a person, damage or destruction
to property and other losses;
Examples of Unsafe Acts
• Operating Equipment without authority
• Disregard of SOP or instructions
• Removing Safety Devices
• Using Defective equipment
• Improper/Non-use of PPEs
• Horseplay / practical jokes
• Willful intent to injure
• Working while under the influence of alcohol or drugs
Factors Contributing to Unsafe Acts
• Improper Attitude

• Physical Limitations

• Lack of Knowledge or Skills


Examples of Unsafe Condition
• Inadequate guards/ protection
• Slippery floor
• Damaged and exposed electrical wirings
• Inadequate illumination / ventilation
• Overloaded cable extensions
• Congestion
• Excessive noise
• Temperature (hot or cold)
• Inadequate warning systems
• Fire and explosion hazards
Can accidents be
prevented?
Generally… YES
•98% - preventable
•2% - non-preventable
•88% - unsafe / unhealthy
ACTS
•10% - unsafe/unhealthy
CONDITIONS
Accident Prevention - Safety Culture
• Traditional Approach:
Engineering
Education
Enforcement

• Comprehensive Approach:
Management commitment
Awareness through education
Compliance through enforcement
Engineering
Creating a safety culture
Safety management
Behavior modification
An Effective Accident Prevention
Process
• Management commitment
• Get involved and lead by example
• Promote accident prevention tools and objectives
with your co-workers
• Clearly communicate responsibilities with others
• Always follow job methods and safety instructions

• Individual empowerment
Benefits of having an OSH Program in the
Workplace

1. Protecting your employee and workers


2. Reducing absences
3. Higher productivity
4. Saving Money
5. Image and reputation
Definition of Safety Hazards and
Health Hazards
• There are many definitions for hazard but the most
common definition when talking about workplace health
and safety is: Hazard is any source of potential damage, harm or
adverse health effects on something or someone. ... 
• Hazard - a potential source of HARM
Safety Hazards
• Fall from height (nahulog/nahulugan)
Safety Hazards
• Struck against (man/machine in motion)
Safety Hazards
• Fall on the same level (nadulas / nadapa)
Safety Hazards
• Caught in (in running / naipit)
Health Hazards

Garbage disposal

Overcrowding
Health Hazards
Chemical and other Substances
Health Hazards
Noise at machine room
Risks
• Risks is a situation involving exposure to hazards or danger.
. (likelihood that a person maybe harmed or suffers
adverse health effects when exposed to hazards)
Level of Risks

• LOW RISK – refers to a workplace where there is low level of danger or


exposure to safety and health hazards and not likely or with probability to
result in accident, harm or injury, or illness.

• MEDIUM RISK – refers to a workplace where there is a moderate exposure to


safety and health hazards and with probability of an accident, injury or illness,
if no preventive or control measures are in place.

HIGH RISK – refers to a workplace wherein the presence of hazard or


potential hazard within the company may effect the safety and/or health of
workers not only within but also person outside the premises of the
workplace. There is a high level of exposure to safety and health hazards,
and probability of a major accident resulting to disability or death or major
illness is likely to occur if no preventive or control measures are in place.
“It takes lesser time to
do things right than to
explain why things go
wrong.”
Questions?
Thank you.

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