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Sesi 02 Upstream - Geophysics

This document provides an overview of geophysical surveying methods and seismic data interpretation. It discusses various geophysical methods like seismic, gravity, magnetic, electrical, and electromagnetic surveys and the physical properties they measure. Seismic data is obtained from seismic surveys and provides information on elastic properties, layering, and lithology by analyzing travel times and amplitudes of reflected/refracted seismic waves. Proper interpretation of seismic data is important to understand the subsurface geology and identify potential hydrocarbon traps by mapping horizons, structures, and thickness. Interpretation involves tying seismic reflectors to well data, constructing geological histories, and validating results through drilling.

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Ridho Irsyad
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102 views18 pages

Sesi 02 Upstream - Geophysics

This document provides an overview of geophysical surveying methods and seismic data interpretation. It discusses various geophysical methods like seismic, gravity, magnetic, electrical, and electromagnetic surveys and the physical properties they measure. Seismic data is obtained from seismic surveys and provides information on elastic properties, layering, and lithology by analyzing travel times and amplitudes of reflected/refracted seismic waves. Proper interpretation of seismic data is important to understand the subsurface geology and identify potential hydrocarbon traps by mapping horizons, structures, and thickness. Interpretation involves tying seismic reflectors to well data, constructing geological histories, and validating results through drilling.

Uploaded by

Ridho Irsyad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction

to Geophysics

by
Taufik Alif Manan
Geophysics Physics UI
Geophysical Surveying Methods

PHYSICAL PROPERTY MEASURED OR


METHOD MEASURED PARAMETER
DERIVED

SEISMIC Travel Time and Amplitude or Elastic modul, propagation velocity, density

Reflected/Refracted seismic Waves

GRAVITY Spatial variations in the strength or earths Density

gravitational field

MAGNETIC Spatial variations in the strength of geomagnetic Magnetic susceptibility

field

ELECTRICAL Earth resistance Electrical conductivity

RESISTIVITY

INDUCED Frequency-dependent ground resistance Electrical capitance

POLARIZATION

SELF-POTENTIAL Electrcal potential Electrical conductivity

ELECTRO-MAGNETIC Response to electromagnetic radiation Electrical conductivity and inductance


Some basic questions ……..

What is seismic data ?

How to get seismic data ?

What information we got from seismic data ?

Why we have to interpret seismic data ?

How to interpret seismic data ?


Seismic Data Definition

Seismic data is sub surface data

which get from seismic method


How to get Seismic Data
3-D Seismic
Types of Seismic Applications

2D Seismic ( Land and Marine )

3D Seismic ( Land and Marine )

Long offset

Transition zone

Time lapse/4D
Information from seismic data

Acoustic Impedance

Showing contrast layer

Associated with rocks layering


Why interpretation is important

What seismic data will show us

Goal of seismic interpretation


The importance of seismic data
S R

• Structure
• Lithology
• Pore Fluid
• Fracture
• Pressure
Goal of Seismic Interpretation
 To know geologic meaning from seismic data
 To re-construct geologic condition where
hydrocarbon may trap

Trap type - structural, stratigraphic or combination


Depth, thickness and areal extent
Maximum dip expected
Seismic data consideration

In Time Domain

2 / 3 Dimension

Not real Geological Data

Scale Problem
Seismic is in time domain

S5 S4 S3 S2 S1 C M P R1 R2 R3 R4 R5

Collect all data with the same source-receiver midpoint


Scale problem

Meter 200

100

0 120 M
Scales of Geological Reservoir Heterogeneity
Interwell
Well Area Well
Determined

Field Wide
From Well Logs,
Seismic Lines, 100's
Statistical m
Modeling,
etc.
1-10 km
Interwell

Reservoir 10's
Sandstone m

100's m

1-10's
10-100's
Well-Bore

m
10-100's mm
mm
Unaided Eye
Hand Lens or
Petrographic or Binocular Microscope
Scanning Electron
Microscope (modified from Weber, 1986)
How to interpret seismic data

Choose reflectors Tied to the intersection lines

Identified Geological Structure

Construct Geological History

Choose and Map the horizon


How to make Map

Correlate the horizons

Measured travel time of horizons

Write down arrival time in basemap

Map the travel time


Do we have good interpretation result ?

Drill the well Production test

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