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Unit III Natural Dyes

This document discusses different types of dyes, including natural dyes and synthetic dyes. It provides details on natural dyes, which are obtained from vegetable, animal, and mineral sources. Vegetable dyes can be extracted from various plant parts and produce colors like indigo blue, madder red, and turmeric yellow. Animal dyes include cochineal for crimson and Tyrian purple from snails. Mineral dyes yield shades like iron brown and chrome yellow. While natural dyes were traditionally used, synthetic dyes are now more common due to easier production and better color fastness. However, natural dyes are gaining renewed interest for their eco-friendliness.

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1K views17 pages

Unit III Natural Dyes

This document discusses different types of dyes, including natural dyes and synthetic dyes. It provides details on natural dyes, which are obtained from vegetable, animal, and mineral sources. Vegetable dyes can be extracted from various plant parts and produce colors like indigo blue, madder red, and turmeric yellow. Animal dyes include cochineal for crimson and Tyrian purple from snails. Mineral dyes yield shades like iron brown and chrome yellow. While natural dyes were traditionally used, synthetic dyes are now more common due to easier production and better color fastness. However, natural dyes are gaining renewed interest for their eco-friendliness.

Uploaded by

joyshree ayekpam
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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UNIT-II

DYEs

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• Nature has been like an artist with an inexhaustible colour
palette with beautiful compositions that inspire man to
capture colour on the cloths that adorn his body
• Primitive man coloured the caves and smeared his body with
pigments that he discovered
• Ancient people extracted dye from roots, stems, leaves, fruits,
flowers, nuts, vegetables, minerals, animals and insects
• Colour plays a vital role in human life. Nature’s colour
changes with changing season
• The colourful wall paintings of Ajanta and description of
natural dyes in Atharvaveda provides evidence for the use of
dyes in ancient period
• People liked to colour everything they use, especially clothes.
• They extracted colour from different natural sources and
applied it on to fabric
CLASSIFICATION OF DYES
•Dyes are organic compounds with two
components namely Chromophore, which
imparts colour and auxochrome that help in
substantivity of dyes
•They are classified into natural dyes and
synthetic dyes
NATURAL DYES
• Natural dyes are colour substances obtained from natural sources

• Natural dyes are used for all types of textile dyeing and printing
until the middle of nineteenth century

• With the advent of synthetic dyes, which were economical and


exhibited excellent fastness properties, the uses of natural dyes
were reduced

• However, the growing consumer awareness on the harmful


impact of synthetic dyes, concern for environment worldwide
and stringent environmental laws leads to the revival of natural
dyes
ADVANTAGES OF NATURAL DYES
•Natural dyes are extracted from natural sources and hence they are eco-friendly
•Produces soft and soothing colours
•These dyes provide excellent protection from UV rays
•Natural dyes like turmeric have anti-microbial properties and hence protect the
fabrics and wearers from microbial attack

•Some natural dyes possess mosquito repellent and flame resistant property
•They can be obtained from the natural sources which are abundant in a particular
area

•Hence supply of raw materials will be continuous and transport charges will be
lower
DISADVANTAGES OF NATURAL DYES

•Natural dyes were difficult to store


•Dye extraction is a time consuming process
•Reproducibility of the colour shade is difficult
•Impurities in natural dyes fade the colour produced
•Availability of these dyes will depend on seasons
•Natural dyeing process is difficult to standardize
Natural dyes are classified in to three types based on the source of
origin namely vegetable dyes, animal dyes and mineral dyes

VEGETABLE DYES
•The earliest dyes were of vegetable origin, discovered by
accidentally staining garments with juices of fruits or plants

•Vegetable dyes are obtained from different parts of plants such a


leaves, flowers, fruits, pods, bark etc..

•These vegetable dyes can be applied directly or with different


mordant

•Some of the commonly used vegetable dyes for dyeing are listed
below
Indigo : Indigo (blue dye) is called as the king of all natural
dyestuffs. It imparts blue colour. It is extracted from the leaves
of the leguminous plant, Indigofera tinctoria. It is suitable for
dyeing cotton and wool.

Indian Madder : It produces shades of red on textile


fabrics. It is used for dyeing cotton and woollen fabrics. It is
extracted from roots of Rubia tinctoria.

Turmeric : It produces shades of yellow on fabrics. It is


suitable for dyeing cotton, silk and woollen fibres. The yellow
dye is extracted from the ground root (rhizome) of turmeric
plant (Curcuma longa).
Marigold : It is extracted from lemon or orange coloured marigold
(Calendula officinalis) flower. It is suitable for dyeing both silk and wool
fibres.

Henna : The dye is extracted from the dried leaves of Henna plant,
Lawsonia inermis. It produces yellowish orange colour. It is suitable for
dyeing wool and silk fibres.

Tea : Leaves of tea plants (Camellia sinensis) or tea powder is used to


extract dye. It produces different shades of brown.

Onion : The dye is extracted from the outer most skin or peel of the
onion (Allium cepa). The onion skins if properly dried can be used for
one year.
Vegetable dyes
ANIMAL DYES
• Dyes extracted from certain insects and invertebrates are called
as animal dyes
• Various shades of red and purple were obtained from animal
origin
• Cochineal, Tyrian purple and Lac are the commonly used
animal dyes
1. Cochineal
 Cochineal dye is extracted from the dried bodies of the female
red bug (Dactylopius coccus)
 It produces crimson and scarlet colours with mordants
aluminium and tin oxide
 This dyestuff was mostly used for dyeing wool and silk goods
 These dyes exhibit excellent fastness properties.
2. Tyrian Purple
This dye is extracted from the sea snails found in
Mediterranean Sea
The amount of dye produced was very limited and
therefore very expensive. Hence, it is called as Royal purple
3. Lac Dye
This dye is extracted from the fluid secreted by the lac
insect (Lauifer lacca), which lives on the twigs of the
banyan trees and other varieties
It produces crimson and scarlet colours
These dyes possess good fastness to light and washing
Animal dyes are also obtained from murex snail (purple
colour) and Octopus / Cuttle fish (Sepia brown)
ANIMAL DYE
MINERAL DYES
• Dyes extracted from mineral sources are called as mineral dyes
• Most widely used mineral dyes are Iron, which produces yellowish
brown shades, chrome yellow, prussian blue and manganese brown
• The dyes obtained from mineral sources may be poisonous and hence
are not being used commercially
THANK YOU

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