Definitions of Leadership

 Leadership is capacity to influence the behavior of

others.
 “Leadership is a process whereby an individual
influences a group of individuals to achieve a
common goal”.

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 According to Hersey and Blanchard,
leadership is a function of the leader,
followers and situation.

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Why Do We Need Leaders?

 To keep groups orderly and focused

 To accomplish tasks
 To make sense of the world

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 Produces Change &  Management functions
Movement (planning, organizing,
 Establishing Direction staffing, controlling, leading)
 Creating a vision  Provide structure
 Clarifying the big picture  Establishing rules and
 Setting strategies procedures
 Taking corrective action
 Motivating and inspiring
 Making job placements

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 Efficient coaching skills
 Confidence
 Consistency between word and action –
“walking the talk”
 Being visionary ( It must be clear)

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There are 4 basic leadership styles. These includes;
 Autocratic leadership style
 Bureaucratic leadership style
 Laissez-faire leadership style
 Democratic leadership style

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 known as ‘’I’’ approach
 practiced by the managers concentrating on
power and authority within themselves.
 Communication tends to be primarily in one
direction from manager to follower

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 Manages “by the book”.
 It is necessary when Staff performing
routine tasks over and over

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 Known as “free-rein” style
 All authority or power given to the
followers and they determine goals,
make decisions, and resolve problems on
their own.

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 known as participative style
 Encourages followers to be a part of the
decision making
 Recognizes and encourages achievement

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 The most widespread one's are:
› Great Man Theory,
› Trait Theory,
› Behavioral Theories,
› Contingency Theories,

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 Assumes that the traits of leadership
are intrinsic.
 That simply means that great leaders
are born they are not made.

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 It depends on personal traits
_ Emotional stability and composure: Calm,
confident and predictable
_ Admitting error
_ Good interpersonal skills
_ Intellectual breadth

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 Look at what leaders actually do
 First it focus on what leaders looks
like behaviorally

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 Leadership as being more flexible – different
leadership styles used at different times depending on
the circumstance.
 Suggests leadership is not a fixed series of
characteristics that can be transposed into different
contexts
 May depend on:
› Type of staff
› History of the business
› Culture of the business
› Quality of the relationships
› Nature of the changes needed
› Accepted norms within the institution
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1. TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP MODEL
 When leaders and followers raise one another to
higher levels of motivation and morality…”
 Requires:
› Long term strategic planning
› Clear objectives
› Clear vision
› Leading by example – walk the walk
› Efficiency of systems and processes

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 Servant Leadership requires that we look at
stakeholders needs.
 The servant leader is one who is servant first.
E.g. Mandella

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› Focus on the management
of the organisation
› Focus on procedures and efficiency
› Focus on working to rules
and contracts
› Managing current issues
and problems

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Key Characteristics of Charismatic leaders
1. Self Confidence- They have complete confidence in
their judgment and ability.
2. A vision- This is an idealized goal that proposes a future
better than the status quo. The greater the disparity
between idealized goal and the status quo, the more
likely that followers will attribute extraordinary vision
to the leader.
3. Ability to articulate the vision-
4. Strong convictions about vision-
5. Behavior that is out of the ordinary-
6. Perceived as being a change agent-
7. Environmental sensitivity-
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1. A leader should understand his or her own needs and
characteristics.
2. Knowing and Using the Resources of the Group
3. Communicating
4. Planning
5. Controlling Group Performance

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6. Setting the Example
7. Representing the Group
8. Effective Teaching
9.Sharing Leadership
10. Evaluating
11. Counseling

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Are you a Leader in
your Organization?

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 Life is about choices. We deal with choices in our
personal lives everyday. Most of us are guided by
such questions as, “Is this the correct thing to do?
Is this the right decision to make?”
 We are guided by our own sense of morality, i.e.
the difference between right and wrong.
 Organizational business ethics work much the same way.
Here, we are dealing with choices, also, about anything
and everything related to organizational activities and
business situations.
 We apply our own personal set of values, standards, rules,
principles, strategies, and even knowledge of what is
lawful to every decision, and these are the things that
guide us.
 But that’s not to say we aren’t tempted. That’s not to say
we don’t always go against our sense of morality (right vs
wrong) at various times. That’s not to say we always
make the right choices. Sometimes, we make the wrong
one.
 If ethics deals with the choices (the morality of right
vs wrong) that individuals make in their personal and
professional lives, then…..
 Organizational business ethics is the application of
these morality related choices as influenced and
guided by values, standards, rules, principles, and
strategies associated with organizational activities
and business situations.
 “Business ethics deals with choices about what laws should be and
whether to follow them, about economics and social issues outside the
law, and about the priority of self-interests over the company’s
interests.” Laura Nash
Employee commitment.
Investor and customer loyalty and confidence.
Legal problems and penalties.
Customer satisfaction.
The ability to build relationships with
stakeholders.
Cost control.
Performance, revenue, and profits.
Reputation and image.
 Develop ethical behavioral influences.
 Provide sound ethics training
 Instill strong organizational values
 Implement plans and strategies to achieve
ethical excellence

 Build an integrity based organization

Research indicates that poor communication is
probably the most frequently cited source of
interpersonal conflict. Individuals spend nearly
70 percent of their waking hours
communicating—writing, reading, speaking,
listening
No group can exist without communication
and it can be called the life blood of business
organizations.
 What is Communication?

Communication is the art of transmitting

information, ideas and attitudes from one person to
another.
Communication is the process of meaningful
interaction among human beings.

The transfer and understanding of a message

between two or more people.
Personal process
Occurs between people
Involves change in behavior
Means to influence others
Expression of thoughts and emotions through words and
actions.
Tool for controlling and motivating people.
Social and emotional process.
 What are the most common ways
we communicate?

ages
u al Im
ord V i s
ken W
Sp o

Bod
y La
Written Word ngu
age
 In modern business environment
communication extends beyond written
or spoken words to listened word.
Visual dimension added by T.V.,
computers, outdoor signage etc. has
given new meaning to communication.
Formal Network: Virtually vertical as per chain
of command within the hierarchy.
Informal Network: Free to move in any direction
may skip formal chain of command. Likely to
satisfy social and emotional needs and also can
facilitate task accomplishment.
e.g. grapevine
 Direction of
Communication

Upward Downward Lateral

 Direction of Communication flow
Downwards Communication : Highly Directive, from
Senior to subordinates, to assign duties, give
instructions, to inform to offer feed back, approval to
highlight problems etc.
Upwards Communications : It is non directive in
nature from down below, to give feedback, to inform
about progress/problems, seeking approvals.
Lateral or Horizontal Communication: Among
colleagues, peers at same level for information level for
information sharing for coordination, to save time.
 Noise

Noise
Noise Noise
Barriers to communication
Filtering
A sender’s manipulation of information so that it will be
seen more favorably by the receiver.

Selective Perception
People selectively interpret what they see on the basis of
their interests, background, experience, and attitudes.

Information Overload
A condition in which information inflow exceeds an
individual’s processing capacity.
Emotions
How a receiver feels at the time a message is received will
influence how the message is interpreted.

Language
Words have different meanings to
different people.

Communication Apprehension
Undue tension and anxiety about oral communication,
written communication, or both.
 Hearing Vs Listening

Hearing – Physical process,

natural, passive

Listening – Physical as well as

mental process, active, learned
process, a skill

Listening is hard. You must choose to

participate in the process of listening.
 Value of listening

 Listening to others is an elegant art.

 Good listening reflects courtesy and
good manners.
 Listening carefully to the instructions of
superiors improve competence and

performance.
The result of poor listening skill could be disastrous
in business, employment and social relations.
Good listening can eliminate a number of
imaginary grievances of employees.
Good listening skill can improve social relations and
conversation.
Listening is a positive activity rather than a passive
or negative activity.
 Essentials of communication
(Dos)
Always think ahead about what you are going to say.
Use simple words and phrases that are understood
by every body.
Increase your knowledge on all subjects you are
required to speak.
Speak clearly and audibly.
Check twice with the listener whether you have been
understood accurately or not
In case of an interruption, always do a little recap of
what has been already said.
Always pay undivided attention to the speaker while
listening.
While listening, always make notes of important
points.
Always ask for clarification if you have failed to
grasp other’s point of view.
Repeat what the speaker has said to check whether
you have understood accurately.
 Essentials of communication
(Don’ts)
Do not use technical terms & terminologies
not understood by majority of people.
Do not speak too fast or too slow.
Do not speak in inaudible surroundings, as
you won’t be heard.
Do not assume that every body understands
you.
While listening do not glance here and there
as it might distract the speaker.
Do not interrupt the speaker.
Do not jump to the conclusion that you have
understood every thing.
 How to Improve Existing Level of
Communication?
Improve language.
Improve pronunciation.
Work on body language.
Read more.
Improve on your topic of discussion,
Think and speak.
Don’t speak too fast.
Use simple vocabulary.
Don’t speak only to impress someone.
Look presentable and confident.
Listen more…etc.
 Improving Body Language -
Tips
• Keep appropriate distance
• Touch only when appropriate
• Take care of your appearance
• Maintain eye contact
• Smile genuinely
 Success for YOU…

…in the new global and diverse

workplace requires
excellent communication skills!
Thank You!