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4-Differential Amplifier Double Ended and Common Mode

The document discusses differential and common-mode voltage gain in double-ended differential amplifiers. For differential gain, the output voltage is directly proportional to the difference between the two input voltages divided by the equivalent resistance seen by the input. For common-mode gain, the output voltage is much smaller, being proportional to the common input voltage divided by the sum of the input resistance and twice the feedback resistance. In an example circuit, the differential gain is calculated as 178.95 and the common-mode gain is much smaller at 546.65, showing the amplifier's ability to amplify differential signals much more than common signals.

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Prince Kratos
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1K views10 pages

4-Differential Amplifier Double Ended and Common Mode

The document discusses differential and common-mode voltage gain in double-ended differential amplifiers. For differential gain, the output voltage is directly proportional to the difference between the two input voltages divided by the equivalent resistance seen by the input. For common-mode gain, the output voltage is much smaller, being proportional to the common input voltage divided by the sum of the input resistance and twice the feedback resistance. In an example circuit, the differential gain is calculated as 178.95 and the common-mode gain is much smaller at 546.65, showing the amplifier's ability to amplify differential signals much more than common signals.

Uploaded by

Prince Kratos
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Differential Amplifier:

Double-Ended and Common-


Ended AC Voltage Gain
Dr. Nelson C. Rodelas, PCpE
Double-Ended AC Voltage Gain
A similar analysis can be used to show that for the condition of signals applied to both inputs, the differential
voltage gain magnitude is

Double-ended differential AC equivalent of double-ended


amplifier differential amplifier circuit
Double-Ended AC Voltage Gain
𝑉 𝑖 − 𝐼 𝑏 𝑟 𝑖 − 𝐼 𝑏 𝑟 𝑖 − ( −𝑉 𝑖 ) =0
1 2

𝑉 𝑖 =𝑉 𝑖 =𝑉 𝑖
1 2

2 𝑉𝑖 2 𝑉𝑖 𝑉𝑖
𝐼 𝑏= = =
2 𝑟𝑖 2 𝛽𝑟𝑒 𝛽 𝑟 𝑒
𝛽 1= 𝛽2= 𝛽
𝑉𝑖 𝑉𝑖
𝐼 𝑐 =𝛽 𝐼 𝑏 =𝛽 =
𝛽 𝑟𝑒 𝑟 𝑒
If one assumes that the two transistors are well matched,
then and the output voltage magnitude at either collector is

𝑉𝑖 𝑅𝑐
𝑉 𝑜=𝐼 𝑐 𝑅𝑐 = 𝑅 𝑐 = 𝑉
𝑟𝑒 𝑟𝑒 𝑖
Where:
RE very large (ideally infinite), the circuit for obtaining the 𝐾𝑇 26 𝑚𝑉 is Boltzman’s constant 1.38 x 10 -23 jo
𝑟 𝑒= = is absolute temperature in Kelvin (K=
KVL equation simplifies to 𝑞 𝐼𝐸 𝐼𝐸
is electronic charge 1.602 x 10 -19 cou
Example:
Calculate the double-ended output voltage and AC voltage gain for
the circuit below where
Solution
𝑉 𝑐𝑐 − 𝐼 𝑐 𝑅 𝑐 −𝑉 𝑜 =0

( )
1

𝐼 𝑐 =𝐼 𝐵 𝛽 𝐼𝐸
𝑉 𝑐𝑐 − 𝑅 𝑐 −𝑉 𝑜 =0
𝐼 𝐸 =( 𝛽+1) 𝐼 𝐵 2

𝐼 𝑐=
𝐼𝐸
𝛽+1
𝛽
𝑉 𝑜=𝑉 𝑐𝑐 − ( ) 𝐼𝐸
2
𝑅𝑐

𝐼𝑐≅ 𝐼 𝐸
0 𝑉 − 0.7 𝑉 − 𝐼 𝐸 𝑅 𝐸 − (− 9 𝑉 )=0
9 𝑉 − 0.7 𝑉
𝐼 𝐸= 3
=251.5 𝜇 𝐴
33 ×10
𝐼 𝐸 251.5 𝜇 𝐴
𝐼 𝐶= = =125.75 𝜇 𝐴
2 2
𝑉 𝑐𝑐 − 𝐼 𝑐 𝑅 𝑐 −𝑉 𝑜 =0

𝐾𝑇 26 𝑚𝑉 9 𝑉 − (125.75 ×10 −6 𝐴)(37 × 103 Ω )− 𝑉 𝑜=0


𝑟 𝑒= =
𝑞 𝐼𝐸 𝐼𝐸
𝑉 𝐶 =𝑉 𝑜=9 𝑉 −(125.75 ×10− 6 𝐴)(37 ×10 3 Ω)
𝑉 𝑖 =𝑉 𝑖
1 2
𝑉 𝐶 =4.35 𝑉
Solution

𝐼 𝐸 =251.5 𝜇 𝐴
𝐾𝑇 26 𝑚𝑉
𝑟 𝑒= = =206.76 Ω
𝑞 𝐼 𝐸 251.5 𝜇 𝐴

37 ×10 3
𝐴𝑑 = =178.95
206.76 Ω
Common-Mode AC Voltage Gain
Whereas a differential amplifier provides large amplification of the difference signal applied to both inputs, it
should also provide as small an amplification of the signal common to both inputs.

Common-mode AC equivalent of Common-mode


connection connection
Common-Mode AC Voltage Gain
𝑉 𝑜=𝐼 𝑐 𝑅𝑐= 𝛽 𝐼 𝑏 𝑅 𝑐
𝑉𝑖
𝐼 𝑏=
𝑟 𝑖 +2 ( 𝛽 +1 ) 𝑅 𝐸

( )
𝑉𝑖
𝑉 𝑜= 𝛽 𝑅
𝑟 𝑖 +2 ( 𝛽 +1 ) 𝑅 𝐸 𝑐

𝛽 𝑉 𝑖 𝑅𝑐  
𝑉 𝑜=
𝑟 𝑖 +2 ( 𝛽 +1 ) 𝑅 𝐸
𝑉 𝑖 − 𝐼 𝑏 𝑟 𝑖 − 2 ( 𝛽+1 ) 𝐼 𝑏 𝑅 𝐸 =0
𝑉 𝑖 − 𝐼 𝑏 [𝑟 ¿ ¿ 𝑖+ 2 ( 𝛽+1 ) 𝑅 𝐸 ]=0 ¿
𝑉𝑖
𝐼 𝑏=
𝑟 𝑖 +2 ( 𝛽 +1 ) 𝑅 𝐸
Example
Calculate the common-mode output voltage and AC voltage gain for
the circuit below where .
Solution
𝛽 𝑉 𝑖 𝑅𝑐  
𝑉 𝑜=
𝑟 𝑖 +2 ( 𝛽 +1 ) 𝑅 𝐸
(75)(5 𝑚𝐴)(50 𝐾 Ω)  
𝑉 𝑜=
20 𝐾 Ω+ 2 ( 75+1 ) 45 𝐾 Ω
𝑉 𝑜=𝟐.𝟕𝟑𝒎𝑽

2.73 𝑚𝑉 (75)(50 𝐾 Ω)
𝐴𝑐 = =
5 𝑚𝑉 20 𝐾 Ω+2 ( 75+1 ) 45 𝐾 Ω

𝐴 𝑐 =𝟓𝟒𝟔. 𝟔𝟓

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