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Basic Concepts of Statistics

This document provides an overview of basic statistical concepts. It defines statistics as the analysis and interpretation of data. It describes key terms like data, variables, populations, and samples. It also classifies variables as qualitative or quantitative, and quantitative variables as discrete or continuous. Additionally, it outlines different levels of measurement for variables as nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio. Finally, it lists the four basic methods of sampling as random, systematic, stratified, and cluster sampling.

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Christine Leal-Estender
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45 views

Basic Concepts of Statistics

This document provides an overview of basic statistical concepts. It defines statistics as the analysis and interpretation of data. It describes key terms like data, variables, populations, and samples. It also classifies variables as qualitative or quantitative, and quantitative variables as discrete or continuous. Additionally, it outlines different levels of measurement for variables as nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio. Finally, it lists the four basic methods of sampling as random, systematic, stratified, and cluster sampling.

Uploaded by

Christine Leal-Estender
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BASIC

CONCEPTS OF
STATISTICS
CHRISTINE LEAL-ESTENDER
STATISTICS

It is a collection of methods for


planning experiments,
obtaining data and then
analyzing, interpreting and
drawing conclusions based on
data.
BASIC TERM IN STATISTICS

• DATA are the values that the variables


can assume
• A VARIABLE is a characteristics that is
observable or measurable in every
unit of universe.
• POPULATION is the set of all possible
values of a variable.
• SAMPLE is a subgroup of a population .
CLASSIFICATION OF
VARIABLES
QUALITATIVE VARIABLES
 words or codes that represent a class or category
 Express a categorical attribute
 Gender
 Religion
 Marital Status
 Highest Educational Attainment
CLASSIFICATION OF
VARIABLES
 QUANTITATIVE VARIABLES
 Number that represent an amount or a count.
 Numerical data, sizes are meaningful and answer question such as “how many” or
“how much”
 Height
 Weight
 Household size
 Number of registered car
QUANTITATIVE VARIABLES
CLASSIFIED AS:
 DISCRETE VARIABLES
 Data can be counted
 Number of days
 Number of siblings
 Usual number of text messages sent in a
day
 Usual daily allowance in school
QUANTITATIVE VARIABLES
CLASSIFIED AS:

 CONTINUOUS VARIABLES
 It can assume all values between any
two specific values like 0., etc. and
data can be measured
 Weight
 Height
 Body temperature
LEVELS OF MEASUREMENT

1. NOMINAL LEVEL
 This is characterized by data that consist
of name, labels, or categories only.
 Gender
 Most preferred color
 Usual sleeping
 Civil Status
LEVELS OF MEASUREMENT

 ORDINAL LEVEL
 This involves data that arranged in some
order, but difference between data
 Happiness index for the day
 Highest educational attainment
 The rankings of tennis players
 Academic Excellence
LEVELS OF MEASUREMENT

 INTERVAL LEVEL
 This is the same in ordinal level,
with an additional property that we
ca determine meaningful amounts
of differences between the data
 Body temperature
 Intelligence Quotient
LEVELS OF MEASUREMENT

RATIO LEVEL
 This is an interval level modified to include
the inherent zero starting point.
 It possesses a meaningful absolute, fixed
zero point and allows all arithmetic
operations.
 Number of intelligence
 Weight
 Height
FOUR BASIC METHODS OF
SAMPLING
 RANDOM SAMPLING, this is done by using chance or random
numbers.
 SYSTEMATIC SAMPLING, this is done by numbering each subject of
the population and then selecting nth number.
 STRATIFIED SAMPLING, If a population has a distinct groups, it is
possible to divide the population into these groups and to draw
SRS’s from each of group.
 CLUSTER SAMPLING, This method uses intact groups called clusters.
THE END

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