Elements of Shed Geometry

 On a weaving loom, warp yarn are divided into two half to make up a shed.  This division makes up a specific geometry of divided warp yarns, called Shed Geometry.  Shed Geometry plays vital roll in controlling warp yarns
 Tension  Elongation and  Friction between them

 Resultantly this helps in controlling

 Weft Density of Fabric  Warp and weft yarn breakages and loom stoppages, hence machine efficiency  And also help to control/avoid fabric faults produced due to these.

 Components that may part of the Shed Geometry of may contribute to it are:
      Frame Height Frame Depth Cloth Support (front rest) Height Back Rest (and Deflecting Roller) Height and Depth Virtual Shed Dividing Line Dropper Box adjustment and droppers movement

 Frame Height:
 It is the distance between two reference points, one is fixed and is on looms stationary structure and other is on heddle frame, as advised by the loom manufacturer.  It is usually measured when all the frames at same level i.e. at machine leveling position.

 Frame Depth (Lever Height):

 It is distance between the a frames maximum height position to its lowest height position.  As it is adjusted by fixing lever joint on shedding system lifting levers, some times also said as Lever height.

Frame Depth

Frame Height

 Cloth Support (Front Rest):

 It is the most forward part of loom frame structure that is closest to the reed when it beats up and it is exactly beneath the cloth fell. It supports the fabric stay above as just filling is inserted into warp shed.  Its height directly and most intensively effects the Shed Shape and Shed Geometry.

 Back Rest (Deflecting Roller):

 It is the rear most roller from where warp yarns start making the warp shed.  It is most frequently used element of the she geometry to control and divide the warp tension, hence the pick density of the fabric being produced.

 Virtual Shed Dividing Line:

 It is a line that divides the shed made at frames equally and is parallel to the machine horizontal.

Shed Geometry

Shed Symmetricity

Shed Vibration

Shed Staggering

Shed Clearance

Slightly Asymmetrical Asymmetrical Shed Symmetrical Shed Strongly Asymmetrical Reverse Asymmetrical

Shed Symmetry Types

Characteristics  Whip roller height almost zero  Cloth support and whip roller are at same height with respect to each other

Application  For Very light fabric such as voile, gauze i.e. fabric design in which longer float of warp and weft with almost 50% warp and 50% weft is apparent on both sides of the fabric with low fabric cover factor.  Yarns with little or no elongation  Very weak yarns  Handkerchief fabrics

Effects  The threads in the upper and bottom shed have roughly the same tension, therefore the adjustment is very kind to warp ends Note:  With this setting there is no rocking action, consequently the fabric can take fewer picks.  It looks flatter and appears less closed.  Accordingly this adjustment should be used only if the machine runs better with it.

Charact ri tics  Cl th support is at or al hei ht, ack rest is sli ht above the or al i.e. ero position

Application  May be employed as proven basic setting for all light to medium weight fabrics. Effect  With slightly asymmetric shed the bottom shed is tensioned more while the upper shed is slacker.  A slight rocking effect results.  The fabric can take more picks, it has more closed look and its handle and appearance are improved.

Characteristics  Cloth support is raised quite above normal, back rest is raised to a very high position

Application  For very heavy fabrics with high warp densities, such as denim, sailcloth, awning fabrics, etc. also poplins on account of appearance.

Effect  Due to the extremely height adjustment of the cloth supporting plate and whip roller the bottom shed is very strong rocking action results from this. At the beat up of the read the weft thread are pushed over each other somewhat very high weft densities can be attained in this way Note  With this extremely slack upper shed, more attention must be take warp breakage

Characteristics  Cloth supporting plate is at normal position while back rest is below than normal zero position

Application  Jacquard fabric  Satin weave and weaves as shown; therefore used for Dobbies.

Effect  With this adjustment the upper shed is tensioned and the bottom shed relieved.  Since with one sided fabric the heavy lift is always woven at the top, a more even distribution of the tension force results between the two halves of the shed.  Moreover jacquard harness and rubber return motions are treated better.