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Lesson 1 - Inductive & Deductive Reasoning (Midterm Coverage)

This document compares and contrasts inductive and deductive reasoning. Inductive reasoning draws a general conclusion from specific observations, going from specific to general. Deductive reasoning draws specific conclusions from general statements, going from general to specific. Several examples are provided of statements classified as using either inductive or deductive reasoning.

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436 views

Lesson 1 - Inductive & Deductive Reasoning (Midterm Coverage)

This document compares and contrasts inductive and deductive reasoning. Inductive reasoning draws a general conclusion from specific observations, going from specific to general. Deductive reasoning draws specific conclusions from general statements, going from general to specific. Several examples are provided of statements classified as using either inductive or deductive reasoning.

Uploaded by

NATIVIDAD BANATAO
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
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INDUCTIVE

& D E D U C T I V E
REASONING
LEARNING COMPETENCIES
• Compare and contrast inductive and
deductive reasoning

• Use different types of reasoning to


justify statements and arguments made
about mathematics and mathematical
concepts
INDUCTIVE REASONING
• Drawing a general conclusion from a repeated observation or
limited sets of observations of a specific examples.
• Specific to general

CONJECTURE – the conclusion drawn by using inductive reasoning


A conjecture may be true or false depending on the truthfulness of
the argument.
A statement is true provided that it is true in all cases and it takes
on example to prove the conjecture is false – counterexample.
1 is an odd number
11 is an odd number
21 is an odd number

Therefore, all number ending 1 are odd


numbers.
TRUE
Essay test is difficult
Problem solving test is difficult

Therefore, all test are difficult.

FALSE
Mark is a Science teacher.
Mark is bald

Therefore, all Science teachers are


bald
FALSE
DEDUCTIVE REASONING
•Drawing general to specific examples
or simplify from general case to
specific case.
•Starts with a general statement (or
hypothesis) and examines to reach a
specific conclusion.
All birds have feathers.
Ducks are birds.

Therefore, ducks have feathers


Christopher is sick.
If Christopher is sick, he won’t be able
to go to work.

Therefore, Christopher won’t be able


to go to work.
All science teachers are bald.
Mark is a Science teacher.

Therefore, Mark is bald.


NOTE:
A Logical reasoning
might be valid but not
necessarily true.
S E L F – C H E C K!

DETERMINE THE FOLLOWING STATEMENT IF


IT IS AN INDUCTIVE OR DEDUCTIVE
REASONING
No man can stop the passage of time.
Noel is a man.

Therefore, Noel cannot stop the


passage of time.
Felix is a dog.
Dog has a keen sense of smell.

Felix has a keen sense of smell.


GROUP 1

Dogs don't eat banana.


Sam is a dog.
Therefore, Sam does not eat banana.

All Steven Spielberg movies are Worth watching.


The movie Jurassic Park is a Steven Spielberg
movie.
Therefore, Jurassic Park is worth watching.
GROUP 2

All iguana are lizards.


Snake is a reptile.
Therefore, snakes are lizards.

All readers of Harry Potter novels are over 13 years old.


Sofia reads Harry Potter novels.
Therefore, Sofia is over 13 years old.
GROUP 3

Dennis hasn't bought any snack.


His parents haven't bought any snack.
Therefore, there won't be anything to eat for the
picnic.
 
Marcelo did not win the game 2 days ago.
Marcelo did not win the game yesterday.
Thus, Marcelo will win the game today.
GROUP 4

25 is divisible by 5.
30 is divisible by 5.
Therefore, numbers ending in 0 or 5 are divisible by
5.
 
All rainy days are cloudy.
Yesterday was not cloudy.
Therefore, yesterday was not rainy.
GROUP 5

All prime numbers are odd.


2 is a prime number.
Therefore, 2 is an odd number.
 
All congressmen are politicians.
Some corrupt are politicians.
Some corrupt people aren't congressmen.

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