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Mathematics of Sequence

The document discusses the Fibonacci sequence and its key properties. It defines the Fibonacci sequence and explains how it is calculated by adding the two previous terms. The nth term can be calculated using a formula involving the golden ratio. The Fibonacci sequence is found in patterns in nature, such as the spiral of a nautilus shell. It also describes how the ratios of consecutive Fibonacci numbers approach the golden ratio, and how this is demonstrated through the golden rectangle.

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Maricris Gatdula
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73 views

Mathematics of Sequence

The document discusses the Fibonacci sequence and its key properties. It defines the Fibonacci sequence and explains how it is calculated by adding the two previous terms. The nth term can be calculated using a formula involving the golden ratio. The Fibonacci sequence is found in patterns in nature, such as the spiral of a nautilus shell. It also describes how the ratios of consecutive Fibonacci numbers approach the golden ratio, and how this is demonstrated through the golden rectangle.

Uploaded by

Maricris Gatdula
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LESSON 1.

3
FIBONACCI
SEQUENCE
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:

1. To define sequence and its types


2. To differentiate Fibonacci sequence from
other types of sequence
3. To discover golden ratio and golden
rectangle; and
4. To learn how to compute for the nth term in
the Fibonacci Sequence
3 8 13 18 23 28
Sequence
SEQUENCE
• An ordered list of numbers, called terms,
that may have repeated values.
• The arrangement of these terms is set by a
definite rule.
1, 3, 5, 7, …
(1st term) (2nd term) (3rd term) (4th term)
• As shown earlier, the elements in the sequence
are called terms. It is called sequence because
the list is ordered and it follows a certain kind of
pattern that must be recognized in order to see
the expanse. The three dots at the end of the
visible patterns means that the sequence is
infinite.
There are different types of sequence
and the most common are the
arithmetic sequence, geometric
sequence, harmonic sequence, and
Fibonacci sequence.
ARITHMETIC SEQUENCE
• It is a sequence of numbers that follows a
definite pattern. To determine if the series of
numbers follow an arithmetic sequence, check
the difference between two consecutive terms. If
common difference is observed, then definitely
arithmetic sequence governed the pattern.
2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 …

2 2 2 2 2
GEOMETRIC SEQUENCE
• If in the arithmetic sequence we need to check
for the common difference, in geometric
sequence we need to look for the common ratio.
• Geometric sequence is not as obvious as the
arithmetic sequence. All possibilities must be
explored until some patterns of uniformity can
intelligently be struck.
2, 8, 32, 128, …

4 4 4
HARMONIC SEQUENCE

In the sequence, the reciprocal of


the terms behaved in a manner
like arithmetic sequence.
,.,,,…
FIBONACCI SEQUENCE
• It is named after the Italian mathematician
Leonardo of Pisa, who was better known by
his nickname Fibonacci.
• He is said to have discovered this sequence as
he looked at how a hypothesized group of
rabbits bred and reproduced.
0 + 1 = 1 0, 1, 1
1 + 1 = 2 0, 1, 1, 2
1 + 2 = 3 0, 1, 1, 2, 3
2 + 3 = 5 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5
3 + 5 = 8 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8
5 + 8 = 13 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13
8 + 13 = 21 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21
Formula for computing for the nth term in the Fibonacci
Sequence
=
Where:
stands for the Fibonacci number we’re looking for
N stands for the position of the number in the Fibonacci sequence
stands for the value of the golden ratio
EXAMPLE:

What is the 5th Fibonacci number? By using the


formula
we’ll get:
=
=5
=0 = 13
=1 = 21
=1 = 34
=2 = 55
=3 = 89
=5 = 144
=8 = 233
The amazing grandeur of Fibonacci
sequence was also discovered in the
structure of Golden rectangle. The
golden rectangle is made up of
squares whose sizes, surprisingly is
also behaving similar to the Fibonacci
sequence.
THE GOLDEN RATIO
• As we can see in the figure, there is no complexity in
forming a spiral with the use of the golden rectangle
starting from one of the sides of the first Fibonacci
square going to the edges of each of the next squares.
• This golden rectangle shows that the Fibonacci sequence
is not only about sequence of numbers of some sort but
it is also a geometric sequence observing a rectangle
ratio.
• The ratio of successive
Fibonacci numbers approach
the number ϕ (Phi), also
known as the Golden Ratio.
This is approximately equal to
1.618.
= 1.0000 = 1.6250

= 2.0000 = 1.6154

= 1.5000 = 1.6190

= 1.6667 = 1.6177

= 1.6000 = 1.6182
• In fact, the bigger
the pair of Fibonacci
numbers, the closer
the approximation.
Note: this also works when we pick two random whole numbers
to begin the sequence such as 192 and 16 ( we get the
sequence 192, 16, 208, 224, 432, 656, 1088, 1744, 2832, 4576,
7408, 11984, 19392, 31376, …) :
ACTIVITY

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