Section 11.

1 Your Skeletal System

Quick Quiz Complete each of these statements with

always, sometimes, or never.
I ____ warm up before exercising.

When I ride a bicycle or play contact sports, I ____

wear a helmet and other protective gear.

When I ride in a vehicle, I ____ fasten my seat belt.

My backpack for school is ____ less that 15% of my

body weight.

I ____ make an effort to eat balance meals and

exercise regularly.
Why do you think that teens might not always practice
these healthful behaviors?

Slide 1 of 24
Section 11.1 Your Skeletal System
Your Skeletal System

Goals/Objectives

Identify the five main roles of the skeletal

system.
Describe the functions of bones and joints.
Explain how you can keep your skeletal system
healthy.

Slide 2 of 24
Section 11.1 Your Skeletal System

SKELETAL SYSTEM

The body system that

serves as a support
framework, protects vital
organs, works with muscles
to produce movement, and
produces blood cells.
Slide 3 of 24
Section 11.1 Your Skeletal System

Functions of the Skeletal System

Your skeletal system has five main
roles.
• protects internal organs
• allows your body to move
• stores and produces materials
that your body needs (blood cells)
• provides support

Slide 4 of 24
Section 11.1 Your Skeletal System

Support and Protection

• Your skeleton is made up of all the
bones in your body.
• Many bones of the skeletal system protect
internal organs.

• Your skeleton gives your body its basic

shape and provides the support that you
need.

Slide 5 of 24
Section 11.1 Your Skeletal System

Movement

In coordination with your

muscular and nervous systems,
your skeletal system allows you
to move.

Slide 6 of 24
Section 11.1 Your Skeletal System

Storage and Production of

Materials
• Your bones store essential
substances which are released
when other parts of the body need
them.
• Some bones also produce blood
cells.

Slide 7 of 24
 Section 11.1 Your Skeletal System

The Skeletal System Skull

9
1) Sternum (breastbone) 10
1
2) Vertebral column (backbone) 11
12
3) Carpals 12) Ribs 2
13
4) Metacarpals 13) Radius
15 14
5) Phalanges 14) Ulna 3
4
6) Tarsals 15) Pelvic girdle 5 16
7) Metatarsals 16) Femur
8) Phalanges 17) Patella 17
18
9) Clavicle (collarbone) 18) Fibula 19

0) Scapula (shoulder blade) 19) Tibia

6
1) Humerus 7
8
Slide 8 of 24
 Section 11.1 Your Skeletal System

The Skeletal System Skull

9
1) __________________ 10
1
2) _____________________ 11
12
3) ____________ 12) ______ 2
13
4) ____________ 13) ________
15 14
5) ____________ 14) ______ 3
4
6) ____________ 15) __________ 5 16
7) ____________ 16) ________
8) ____________ 17) ________ 17
18
9) ____________ 18) ________ 19

0) __________________ 19) _______

6
1) ____________ 7
8
Slide 9 of 24
Section 11.1 Your Skeletal System

17
18
11
19
20
12
Radius

21 22
Carpals
13
14 23

24
Fibula
25

15
16
Phalanges

Slide 10 of 24
Section 11.1 Your Skeletal System

Bones and Joints

• Your skeletal system is made up of

just over 200 bones.
• A place in your body where two or
more of your bones come together
is called a joint.

Slide 11 of 24
Section 11.1 Your Skeletal System

Development of Bones
• Your bones are living structures that undergo change
throughout your life.
• Cartilage is a tough supportive tissue that is softer
and more flexible than bone.
• By young adulthood, most of this cartilage is
replaced by bone in a process called ossification.

• In a process called ossification minerals, such as

calcium and phosphorus, are deposited within the
cartilage, making it hard.

Slide 12 of 24
Section 11.1 Your Skeletal System

Structure of Bones
• Bone consists of two different types
of tissue—compact bone and
spongy bone.
• Another type of tissue called
marrow fills the spaces in bones.
• There are two types of marrow—red
and yellow.
Slide 13 of 24
Section 11.1 Your Skeletal System
Compact Bone
Compact bone makes up the
outer layer of all bones. Although
it looks dense and solid, It is full
of holes for nerves and blood vessels.
Spongy Bone
Outer Membrane Spongy bone
An outer membrane contains flat and
covers most of a long bone. needlelike structures
The inner portion of a
that resist stress.
membrane contains cells
that build up and Central Cavity
Red bone marrow
breakdown bone. Central cavities in long may fill the open
bones usually contain spaces in some
yellow bone marrow (fat). bones.

Slide 14 of 24
Section 11.1 Your Skeletal System

Joints
• Joints allow for movement and
protect bones from friction and
force.
• Bones are held together at joints by
strong, fibrous bands called
ligaments.

Slide 15 of 24
Section 11.1 Your Skeletal System

Pivot Joint
A pivot joint connects your Ball-and-Socket Joint
head to the first vertebra in A ball-and-socket joint allows movement
your backbone. It allows you in all directions. Your shoulders and hips
to turn your head from are ball-and-socket joints.
side to side.

Gliding Joint
Hinge Joint
Gliding joints allow
Hinge joints allow
movement in many
bending and straightening
directions as the bones
movements.Your knees
slide along each other.
and elbows are
Your wrists and ankles contain
hinge joints.
gliding joints.

Slide 16 of 24
Section 11.1 Your Skeletal System

1)_______ Joint
connects your head to the first 3)_____________ Joint
vertebra in your backbone. It allows allows movement in all directions. Your
you to turn your head from shoulders and hips are these joints.
side to side.

2)_______ Joint
4)_______ Joint
allow movement in many
allow bending and
directions as the bones
straightening
slide along each other.
movements. Your knees
Your wrists and ankles contain
and elbows are
these joints.
these joints.

Slide 17 of 24
Section 11.1 Your Skeletal System

FYI – Cracking Knuckles

• Cracking knuckles has not been clearly
linked to causing arthritic problems.
• The popping or cracking sound is normal.
• When a joint is pulled, lower pressure is
created in the joint area, causing tiny air
bubbles to break.
• Which is the noise people
• hear.

Slide 18 of 24
Section 11.1 Your Skeletal System

Keeping Healthy
• A combination of eating well, exercising,
and avoiding injuries contributes to lifelong
bone and
joint health.
• Regular medical checkups can help detect
skeletal system problems.

Slide 19 of 24
Section 11.1 Your Skeletal System

Eating Well
• Adequate intake of calcium and phosphorus
will help your bones grow to their maximum
size and strength.
• Osteoporosis is a condition in which the
bones become weak and break easily.
• Other nutrients that are important for bone
health include potassium, magnesium,
and vitamins A, C, and D.

Slide 20 of 24
Section 11.1 Your Skeletal System

Exercising
• Another way to build strong bones and
prevent osteoporosis is to get plenty of
weight-bearing exercise.
• Activities in which the bones support the
entire weight of your body help your bones
grow strong and dense.

Slide 21 of 24
Section 11.1 Your Skeletal System

Avoiding Bone Injuries

• A fracture is a break in a bone.
• You can protect your bones from
• fractures.
When participating in a physical activity,
wear appropriate safety equipment, such
as helmets and pads.
• Always wear a seat belt when traveling in
a vehicle.

Slide 22 of 24
Section 11.1 Your Skeletal System

Avoiding Joint Injuries

Proper warm-up and stretching exercises are
important to help prevent joint injuries.
• Sprains - A sprain is an overstretched or torn
ligament.
• Dislocations - In a dislocation, the ends of the
bones in a joint are forced out of their normal
positions.
• Torn Cartilage - Serious damage to the
cartilage between the bones in a joint is known
as torn cartilage.
• Overuse Injuries - When an activity is
performed too often or too strenuously, joints
may become irritated and inflamed.
Slide 23 of 24
Section 11.1 Your Skeletal System

Medical Checkups
• A doctor can advise you on how to
prevent serious injury or recommend other
professionals who can help you.

• A nurse or doctor may check your spine

for scoliosis, an abnormal curvature of the
spine.

Slide 24 of 24
Section 11.1 Your Skeletal System

Questions
1. List the 4 main functions of the skeletal system.
2. Explain the function of bones.
3. Describe the two types of bone marrow.
4. What is a joint? Describe the function of movable joints in the
body.
5. Identify 4 ways you can help your skeletal system stay healthy.
6. What type of joint allows you to kneel down?
7. What type of joint allows you to move your arm in a circle?
8. If you run your fingers down the center of your back, which bones
can you feel?
9. What joint allows you to wave hello to a friend? What type of joint
is it?
10. What connects bones?

Slide 25 of 24