Lecture 3 Tos2
Lecture 3 Tos2
Deformation
Structural Analysis
By
R. C. Hibbeler
A B
Actual Beam
P P
A B A B
ΔB
A B
Actual Beam
=
P
A B A Δ’BB=ByfBB
+
ΔB B
Primary Structure Redundant By applied By
A B
Actual Beam
=
P
A B A Δ’BB=ByfBB
+
ΔB B
Primary Structure Redundant By applied By
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A fBB
B
1
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P
A B MA A B
+
θA θ'AA=MAαAA
P
A B
Actual Beam
P
A B MA A B
+
θA θ'AA=MAαAA
P
A B
Actual Beam
P
A B MA A B
+
θA θ'AA=MAαAA
αAA
In this case,
P1 P2
B C
A D
Actual Beam
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B C Redundant
A D By Applied
Δ’BB=ByfBB Δ’CB=ByfCB
Cy
B C Redundant
A D Cy Applied
Δ’BC=CyfBC Δ’CC=CyfCC
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P1 P2
B C
A D Actual Beam
P1 P2 =
B C
A D Primary
Structure
ΔB ΔC
+
By
B C Redundant
A D By Applied
Δ’BB=ByfBB Δ’CB=ByfCB
+
Cy
B C Redundant
A D Cy Applied
Δ’CC=CyfCC 15
Δ’BC=CyfBC
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B C
A D
fBB fCB
B C
A D
fBC fCC
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Principle of Superposition
• Determine the number of degree of indeterminacy.
• Specify the number of redundant forces or moments
which must be removed to make the structure
determinate.
• Draw S.I.S and show it to be equal to a sequence of
corresponding S.D.S.
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Compatibility Equations
• Write compatibility equation for the displacement or
rotation at each point where there is a redundant force
or moment.
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Equilibrium Equations
• Draw a free body diagram of the structure.
• As the redundant forces have been calculated, now
calculate the remaining unknown reactions using
equations of equilibrium.
• Now draw the shear and moment diagrams.
• Also the deflection at any point can be determined using
the previous methods.
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Example 1
Determine the reaction at the roller support B of the
beam in Fig. EI is constant.
50 KN
A C
B
6m 6m
Actual Beam
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Solution:
50 KN
A C
B Actual Beam
6m 6m
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Principle of Superposition
• By is taken as redundant
• Removal of redundant By requires that the roller support
in the direction of By be removed
• By is assumed to act upward
50 KN
A C
B Actual Beam
6m 6m
=
50 KN
A C B A Δ’BB=ByfBB
ΔB +
By
Primary Structure 24
Redundant By applied
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Compatibility Equation
• Taking positive displacement as upward, we have
50 KN
A C B A Δ’BB=ByfBB
ΔB +
ΔC
θC
By
Primary Structure 25
Redundant By applied
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Compatibility Equation
• Thus
50 KN
A C B A Δ’BB=ByfBB
ΔB +
ΔC
θC
By
Primary Structure 26
Redundant By applied
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Compatibility Equation
50 KN
A C B A Δ’BB=ByfBB
ΔB +
ΔC
θC
By
Primary Structure 27
Redundant By applied
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50 kN
34.4 KN
112 kN . m
15.6 kN
6m 6m
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50 kN
34.4 KN
112 kN . m
15.6 kN
6m 6m
M (kN.m)
93.8
3.27 x (m)
6 12
-112
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Example 2
Determine the moment at the fixed wall for the beam in
Fig. EI is constant.
A B
20 k . ft
10 ft
Actual Beam
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Solution:
A B
20 k . ft Actual Beam
10 ft
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Principle of Superposition
• MA is taken as redundant
• The capacity of the beam to support a moment at A has
been removed
• Fixed support at A is substituted by a pin
• MA is assumed to act counterclockwise
A B
20 k . ft Actual Beam
10 ft
θA θ'AA=MAαAA
A B MA A B
20 k . ft +
Compatibility Equation
• Taking positive rotation as counterclockwise, we have
θA θ'AA=MAαAA
A B MA A B
20 k . ft +
Compatibility Equation
• Taking positive rotation as counterclockwise, we have
θA θ'AA=MAαAA
A B MA A B
20 k . ft +
Compatibility Equation
Substituting these results into Eq.(1) yields
θA θ'AA=MAαAA
A B MA A B
20 k . ft +
θA θ'AA=MAαAA
A B MA A B
20 k . ft +
A B
10 k . ft 20 k . ft
3k 3k
10 ft
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3k
3k
10 ft
M (k.ft)
10
x (ft)
-20
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Example 3
Draw the shear and moment diagrams for the beam
shown in Fig. The support at B settles 1.5 in. Take E =
29(103) ksi, I = 750 in4.
20 k
1.5 in
A C
12 ft 12 ft 24 ft
Actual Beam
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Solution
Principle of Superposition
20 k
1.5 in
A C
Actual Beam
B
12 ft 12 ft 24 ft
=
20 k
B
A C Primary
ΔB Structure
+
By
B
A C Redundant By
applied
Δ’BB=ByfBB
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Compatibility Equation
• With reference to point B, using units of ft, we require
B
A C
20 k
A C
15 k 5k
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12 ft 36 ft
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Compatibility Equation
20 k
A C
15 k 5k
12 ft 36 ft
8 ft 16 ft 24 ft
conjugate beam
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Compatibility Equation
8 ft 16 ft 24 ft
MB’
VB’ 8 ft 16 ft
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Compatibility Equation
1k
• For fBB
B
A C
1k
A C
0.5 k 0.5 k
24 ft 24 ft
conjugate beam
24 ft 24 ft
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Compatibility Equation
• For fBB conjugate beam
24 ft 24 ft
mB’
vB’ 24 ft
8 ft
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Compatibility Equation
• Substituting these results into eq. (1), we have
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Equilibrium Equations
• The negative sign indicates that By acts upward on the
beam.
20 k
A C
Ay By=5.56 k Cy
12 ft 12 ft 24 ft
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Equilibrium Equations
20 k
A C
A C
V (k)
12.22
x (ft)
-2.22
-7.78
-20
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A C
M (k.ft)
146.7
53.3
x (ft)
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Example 4
Draw the shear and moment diagrams for the beam
shown in Fig. EI is constant. Neglect the effect of axial
load.
2 k/ft
A B
10 ft 10 ft
Actual Beam
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Solution
Principle of Superposition
2 k/ft
A B
10 ft 10 ft
Actual Beam
Solution
Principle of Superposition
• The two end moments at A and B will be considered as
redundants.
• Beam’s capacity to resist these moments is removed by
placing a pin/hinge at A and rocker/roller at B.
2 k/ft
A B
10 ft 10 ft
Actual Beam
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2 k/ft
Solution
A B Actual Beam
10 ft 10 ft
=
2 k/ft
A B Primary
θA θB structure
+
MA
B Redundant MA
A applied
θ'AA=MAαAA θ‘BA=MAαBA
+
MB
Redundant MB
A B applied 55
θ'AB=MBαAB θ‘BB=MBαBB
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Compatibility Equation
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Compatibility Equation
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Compatibility Equation
Substituting the data into Eqs. (1) and (2) yields
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10 ft 10 ft
V (k)
16.25
x (ft)
8.125
-3.75
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10 ft 10 ft
M (k.ft)
20.2
3.63 14.4 20
x (ft)
8.125
-20.8
45.8 60
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Example 5
Determine the reactions at the supports for the beam
shown. EI is constant.
500 lb
120 lb/ft
A C
B
12 ft 5 ft 5 ft
Actual Beam
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Solution
Principle of Superposition
500 lb
120 lb/ft
A C
B
12 ft 5 ft 5 ft
Actual Beam
Solution
Principle of Superposition
• We will choose the internal moment at support B as the
redundant.
• Beam is cut open and end pins or internal hinge are
placed at B to release only the capacity of beam to resist
moment at this point.
θ‘B θ‘’B
500 lb
120 lb/ft
A C
B
Primary structure 63
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Solution
Principle of Superposition 500 lb
120 lb/ft
A C Actual Beam
B
=
θ‘B θ‘’B
500 lb
120 lb/ft
Primary
A C
structure
B
+
MBα‘BB MBα’‘BB
Redundant
MB applied
MB MB 64
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Solution
Compatibility Equations
• The relative rotation of one end of one beam with
respect to the end of other beam to be zero, that is
where
θ‘B θ‘’B
500 lb
120 lb/ft
A C
B 65
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Solution
Compatibility Equations
• The slopes and angular flexibility coefficients can be
determined from the table on inside front cover, that is
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Solution
Compatibility Equations
• Thus
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Solution
Compatibility Equations
500 lb
120 lb/ft
1604 lb.ft 1604 lb.ft
V (lb)
586 410
12 17 22
x (ft)
4.89 -89.6
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-854
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Solution
Compatibility Equations
500 lb
120 lb/ft
1604 lb.ft 1604 lb.ft
M (lb.ft)
1431
448
12 17 22
x (ft)
4.89
-1604 69
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Thank You
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