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Quarter 1 - Module 4 - Rocks

This document discusses different types of rocks. It describes 3 main categories of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Igneous rocks form from cooling magma, and can be extrusive or intrusive. Sedimentary rocks form through the compaction and cementation of sediments. Metamorphic rocks form from the transformation of existing rocks through heat and pressure. The document provides examples and classification details for each rock type.

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Rachelle Toledo Agbuya
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102 views

Quarter 1 - Module 4 - Rocks

This document discusses different types of rocks. It describes 3 main categories of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Igneous rocks form from cooling magma, and can be extrusive or intrusive. Sedimentary rocks form through the compaction and cementation of sediments. Metamorphic rocks form from the transformation of existing rocks through heat and pressure. The document provides examples and classification details for each rock type.

Uploaded by

Rachelle Toledo Agbuya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Module 4

Rocks
geosphere
geosphere

Rocks
geosphere

Rocks
Earth is a solid rock to a
depth of 2,900 kilometers,
where mantle meets the
liquid outer core.
A rock is a naturally occurring solid aggregate of
one or more minerals. The aggregate minerals
forming the rocks are held together by chemical
bonds. Grains can be different in color, texture,
and sizes. Geologists then group rocks into
three categories based on how the rocks form:
igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rock.
Petrology is the scientific
study of rocks.
Petrologists (the person who
study rocks) classify rocks
based on how they were
formed.
Igneous- formed from hardening and crystallization of
magma or molten material that originates deep within
the earth. Two types of igneous rock:
A. Extrusive/Volcanic rock - forms when magma makes
its way to Earth’s surface as lava and then cools.
The crystals are very small (fine grained) since the
cooling process is fast.
B. Intrusive/Plutonic - It cools slowly beneath the Earth
surface and are created by magma. The intrusive
igneous rocks have very large crystals (coarse
grained).
Igneous rocks are classified based on
1. Composition
FELSIC - light in color; feldspar and
silicates
MAFIC - dark in color; made up of
magnesium and iron
INTERMEDIATE – between mafic and felsic
ULTRAMAFIC - very dark color
Igneous rocks are classified based on
2. Texture- overall appearance of rock
Aphanistic - fine grained
Phaneritic- coarse grained
Porphyritic- large crystals with small crystals
Glassy- non-ordered solid from rapid quenching
Pyroclastic- composite of ejected fragments
Examples: Obsidian, pumice, basalt, granite,
diorite, gabbro
2. Texture-
Aphanistic -
fine grained
2. Texture-
Phaneritic-
coarse
grained
2. Texture-
Porphyritic-
large
crystals
with small
crystals
2. Texture-
Glassy-
non-
ordered
solid from
rapid
quenching
2. Texture-
Pyroclastic-
composite
of ejected
fragments
Activity 3: IGNEOUS ROCKS
Identify the composition and texture of the following igneous rocks
IGNEOUS ROCK COMPOSITION TEXTURE
(Felsic, Mafic, (Aphanitic, Phaneritic,
Intermediate, Ultramafic) Porphyritic, Glassy or
Pyroclastic)

1.Basalt
2. Granite
3. Mica White
4. Pumice
5. Quartz
6. Rhyolite
Sedimentary rocks provide information about
surface conditions that existed in the Earth’s past.
● Particles of sand, shells, pebbles, and other
fragments of materials called sediments,
accumulate in layers and over long period of time
harden into rocks.
● Compaction-due to increase of pressure of
layered sediments it bind together to form the
sedimentary rocks.
3 Types of
a. Clastic Sedimentary rock - formed from
accumulation of clasts: little pieces of broken
rocks and shells.
Examples: conglomerate, breccia, sandstone, shale
b. Chemical - formed when dissolved minerals
precipitate from a solution. Example: Halite -
formed when a body of seawater becomes closed
off and evaporates.
c. Organic - rocks formed from the accumulation
of animal debris Example: Coal - composed of
organic matter in the form of plants fragments
Metamorphic Rocks

Metamorphism -
transformation of one rock type
into another.
2 types of metamorphism
1. Regional-due to changes in
pressure and temperature over
large region of the crust
2. Contact-mainly by heat due to
contact with magma
Classification of Metamorphic Rock:
a. Texture - refers to the size
arrangement and grains within the
rock.
• Foliated
• Non-foliated
• Foliation - any planar
arrangement of mineral
grains or structural
features within the rock.
• Foliated rocks are rocks that possess a
layered appearance. They are formed
through extreme pressure in conjugation
with heat, which helps elongated minerals
attain a foliated pattern, known as
foliation. This plating process creates thin
layers and directional patterns in the
rocks. 
• Non-foliated rocks form much in the same
way as foliated rocks under high pressure
and extreme heat conditions. The only
difference is that non-foliated rocks occur
when minerals are irregular or non-
elongated. Under high pressure, the
minerals compress however they do not
align into sheets or platy layers.
1 2 3 4

• Foliated
Seatwork • Non-foliated
5 6 7 8

• Foliated
Seatwork • Non-foliated
10 11 12

• Foliated
Seatwork • Non-foliated
Let’s
chec
1 2 3 4

Non-foliated Non-foliated Foliated Non-foliated


5 6 7 8

Non-foliated Non-foliated Non-foliated Foliated


10 11 12

9
Foliated Non-foliated Foliated Non-foliated

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