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Origin of The Solar System

Draw a diagram to illustrate any one theory of solar system formation.

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Joan S. Lanuzga
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
87 views

Origin of The Solar System

Draw a diagram to illustrate any one theory of solar system formation.

Uploaded by

Joan S. Lanuzga
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Our Solar

System and
Its Origin
What is a
solar
system?
Solar System

consists of all the


 

matter that lies within


the gravitational pull
of the Sun
How would
you describe our
Solar System?
 
 
What does our
solar system
look like from
far away?
The solar system
comprises the Sun,
eight planets,
dwarf planets such
as Pluto, satellites,
asteroids, comets,
other minor bodies
such as those in the
Kuiper belt and
interplanetary
dust.
Overview of the
Solar System
What are
highlights of
our Solar
System?
The solar system is
located in the Milky Way
galaxy, a huge disc- and
spiral-shaped aggregation
of about at least 100
billion stars and other
bodies.
The Milky Way is part
of the so-called Local
Group of galaxies,
which in turn is part of
the Virgo supercluster
of galaxies.
Its spiral arms rotate
around a globular
cluster or bulge of
many, many stars, at the
center of
which lies a super
massive black hole.
The solar
system revolves
around the
galactic center
once in about
240 million
years.
The Milky Way
galaxy is about 100
million light years
across (1 light year
= 9.4607 ×1012km.
Large Scale
Features of the
Solar System
What are the
Large Scale
Features of
the Solar
System?
1. Much of the mass of the
Solar System is
concentrated at the center
while angular momentum
is held by the outer planets.
Mass

-amount of
matter in an
object
Weight

 - -amount of pull
of gravity to a
certain mass
Angular Momentum

thequantity of rotation of a
body, which is the product of
its moment of inertia and its
angular velocity
L = mvr sin θ.
2. Orbits of the
planets are
elliptical and are
on the same plane.
Why are the
orbits of the
planets,
elliptical?
The height of the
kinetic energy
decreases as the
orbiting body's speed
decreases and distance
increases.
Why do all
the planets
orbit in the
same plane?
The orbits of the planets are
coplanar because during the
Solar System's formation, the
planets formed out of a disk
of dust which surrounded the
Sun. The disk of dust was a
all in a plane, all of the
planets formed in a plane as
well.
3. All planets
revolve around
the sun. 
4. The periods of
revolution of the
planets increase with
increasing distance
from the Sun.
5. The innermost
planet moves
fastest, the
outermost, the
slowest.
What are the
Small Scale
Features of
the Solar
System?
Small Scale
Features of
the Solar
System
1. Most
planets rotate
prograde.
Prograde rotation indicates
that the motion is in the
same direction as the Sun’s
rotation. Retrograde rotation
is in the opposite direction.
 
Why do Venus and
Uranus are said to have
a retrograde or
clockwise rotation
around their axes?
Venus and Uranus are said
to have a retrograde or
clockwise rotation around
their axes.
Although scientists and
astronomers do not have a
specific or proven reason for
these anomalies, they have
proposed some hypothetical
explanations.
What could be the
explanation?

One of the most popular


explanations for these anomalies
is that at some point in history,
Venus and Uranus both spun
counter-clockwise, just like the
other planets.
However, in the events that
followed the development of
planets, Venus was somehow
flipped 180 degrees on its axis.
So ideally, Venus is still spinning
in the prograde direction, but
since it was somehow knocked
upside down, it appears to be
spinning in a clockwise direction.
2. Inner terrestrial
planets are made of
materials with high
melting points such
as silicates, iron , and
nickel.
Terrestrial Planets
These planets are
mainly made of
nitrogen, carbon
dioxide, oxygen,
water, and argon.
• 3. Inner planets are
all…
•rocky and small
•No or few moons
•No rings
4.Outer four planets -
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus
and Neptune are called
"gas giants" because of
the dominance of gases
and their larger size.
5.Outer four
planets are also
called Jovian
planets.
*The term Jovian is
derived from Jupiter.
*Taken from the Roman
king of the gods –
Jupiter, or Jove
The Jovian Planets

They are all…


• gaseous and
BIG!
• Rings
• Many
moons
Quantitative Planetary Facts
Terrestrial and Jovian Planets
Summative Test 3

-¼ sheet of paper
-10 items
-MODIFIED TRUE or
FALSE
1. The
universe comprises
mainly the Sun, eight
planets, dwarf planets
such as Pluto, satellites,
asteroids, comets, other
minor bodies.
2. The Milky Way
galaxy, is a huge disc-
and spiral-shaped
aggregation of about
at least 100 billion stars
and other bodies.
3. The solar system
revolves around the
galactic center once
in about 250 million
years.
4.Much of the mass of
the Solar System is
concentrated at the
center while angular
momentum is held by
the inner planets.
5. Heliocentric Theory
states that the Sun is
the center of the Solar
System. It was
proposed by Nikolaus
Copernicus.
6. The periods of
revolution of the
planets decrease
with increasing
distance from the
Sun.
7. Mercury moves
the fastest while
Neptune moves
the slowest.
8. The
revolutionary
frequency of the
Earth is 365.26 days.
9. Retrograde
rotation indicates
that the motion is in
the same direction as
the Sun’s rotation.
10. Mars, Saturn,
Uranus and Neptune
are called & are
considered the outer
planets.
ANSWERS:

1.Solar
System 6. Increase
2. True 7. True
3. 240 million 8. Period
years 9. Prograde
4. outer 10. Jupiter
5. True
Origin of the
Solar System
Rival Theories

NEBULAR ENCOUNTER PROTOPLANET


HYPOTHESIS HYPOTHESIS HYPOTHESIS
1. Nebular
Hypothesis
 
Video on Nebular
Hypothesis
1. Nebular Hypothesis
 
A rotating gaseous cloud that
cools and contracts in the middle
to form the sun and the rest into a
disc that become the planets.

(Emanuel Swedenborg, Immanuel


Kant, and Pierre-Simon) 1700s
The Nebular Theory* of Solar System
Formation
Interstellar Cloud (Nebula)

Gravitational Collapse

Protosun Protoplanetary Disk

Heating  Fusion Condensation (gas to solid)

Sun Metal, Rocks Gases, Ice

Accretion Nebular
Capture

Leftover Materials Terrestrial Jovian Leftover Materials

Asteroids Planets Planets Comets


2. Encounter Hypotheses
 
a. Buffon’s (1749)
Sun-comet
encounter
2. . Encounter Hypotheses
 
Georges
Louis
Leclerc,
Comte
de Buffon
2. Encounter Hypotheses
a comet struck the
 

Sun and broke off


fragments which
formed the planets
2. Encounter Hypotheses
 
b. James
Jeans’
(1917) Sun-
star
encounter
2. Encounter Hypotheses
 
b. the origin of the
solar system is a result
of a close encounter
between the Sun and a
second star
C. Planetesimal Hypothesis
 
• Thomas
Chrowder
Chamberlin

• Forest Ray
Moulton
Video on
Planetesimals
A planetesimal
is an object
formed from
dust, rock, and
other
materials.
C. Planetesimal Hypothesis
 
• a star passed close
enough to the sun
early in its life to
cause tidal bulges
to form on its
surface
Planetesimal Hypothesis
Planetesimal
Theory-
Viktor
Safronov
C. Planetesimal Hypothesis
 
-planets of the Solar
System are seen to arise
from an encounter
between the Sun and
another star
C. Planetesimal Hypothesis
 
-the gravity of the
passing star tears a
succession of bolts
from the solar surface 
3. Proto-planet Hypothesis
 
Sir
William
Hunter
McCrea
Proto-planet
-accretions of  frozen water,
Ammonia, Methane,
Silicon, Aluminum, Iron,
and other metals in rock
and mineral grains
enveloped in Hydrogen and
Helium
3. Proto-planet Hypothesis
  years ago, in
About 4.6 billion
the Orion arm of the Milky
Way galaxy, a slowly-rotating
gas and dust cloud dominated
by hydrogen and helium starts
to contract due to gravity.
3. Proto-planet Hypothesis
 
Due to collisions, fragments
of dust and solid matter
begin sticking to each
other to form
larger and larger bodies
from meter to kilometer in
size.
3. Proto-planet Hypothesis
 
-high-speed collisions
with large objects
destroys much of the
mantle of Mercury,
puts Venus
in retrograde rotation
Summative Activity

3 2
1
PAIR ACTIVITY
ASSIGNMENT
Bring drawing
materials; pencil, long
bond paper and
crayons/cray pas or oil
pastels.

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