RISE KRISHNA SAI PRAKASAM GROUP OF

                    INSTITUTIONS :: ONGOLE 
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND
     COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
Obstacle Avoding Robot using Aurdino &
                    Ultra Sonic Sensor
     Project Associates :   
Under The Guidance Of :
     N.RamaKrishna     (198A1A0457)
Mr.D.Shyam Babu.M.Tech(PhD)
     Y.Pavan                 (198A1A0463) Assistant professor
     N.Mahesh Babu    (198A1A0454)
     K.Srikanth               (198A1A0449)
     SK.Faruk Abdulla   (198A1A0459)
    
                                                                                                    
                  
 CONTENTS :
                               
 Abstract 
 Components Used
 Working
 Block Diagram
 Applications
 Future scope
 Final Output
 Disadvantages
 Conclusion
 References
   
       ABSTRACT 
                           The project is design to build an obstacle avoidance
robotic vehicle using ultrasonic sensors for its movement. A
microcontroller (ATmega328) is used to achieve the desired
operation. A robot that can perform task automatically or with
guidance. Since the world is twirling around automation, this
project proposes robotic vehicle that has an intelligence built in it
such that it directs itself whenever an obstacle comes in its path. So
in an hostile environment , this robot avoids undesired collisions
with obstacles and continues its motion.
 Components Used
        HARDWARE COMPONENTS        SOFTWARE COMPONENTS

1. Arduino uno 1. Arduino IDE

2. DC motors  2.DMD 2 Library
3. Ultra Sonic Sensor
4.L293D Motor Driver IC
5. Battery
6. Connecting wires
    Working 
 The obstacle avoiding robot uses an Ultra sonic sensor for its obstacle detection .The
motors are connected through the motor driver IC to the Arduino.
 When the robot starts to move , the ultra sonic sensor continously emits ultra sonic
freuency sound ( generally f > 20khz)
 Whenever an obstacle present in its path , those ultrasonic waves gets reflected back
from that obstacle.Then the information gets processed by arduino and resultant data
is sent to motor driver Ic.
 The motor driver IC can handle two motors simultaneously by sending currents in
different directions. Hence by controlling motor (wheels) direction.
 The sensor has to have access to both directions for obstacle checking,inorder to
achieve this, the sensor is placed on a servo motor through which direction of
rotation can be controlled accurately.
         BLOCK DIAGRAM
  APPLICATIONS
  Widely used in space exploring robots (Eg. Mars rover )
  AI powered Automobiles (Eg.Tesla) 
 Aircrafts (Eg.Auto pilot system)
 They can be used for automatic household works like automatic
vacuum cleaning
 Counting instruments access switches parking meters 
   Future Scope

 In future, cameras can be used to detect the obstacle however,

it is better to get CCD or industrial use ones to get clear and
fast pictures. Even the ones we mentioned in the camera
holder part will be better because of the special software.
Cameras powered with Artificial Intelligence will play crucial
role in obstacle detection in near future.
Final Output
         Disadvantages
 Cannot detect depths and obstacles below the level of sensor.
 Cannot properly detect obstacles that doesnt reflect back ultra sonic
frequency.
Conclusion
 This project developed an obstacle avoiding robot to detect and avoid
obstacles in its path. The robot is built on the Arduino platform for data
processing and its software counterpart helped to communicate with the
robot to send parameters for guiding movement. For obstacle detection,
ultrasonic distance sensors were used that provided a wider field of
detection. The robot is fully autonomous and after the initial loading of the
code, it requires no user intervention during its operation. When placed in
unknown environment with obstacles, it moved while avoiding all obstacles
with considerable accuracy. In order to optimize the movement of the robot,
we have many considerations for improvement. However, most of these
ideas will cost more money and time as well. 
References 
 https://create.arduino.cc/projecthub/albertoz/obstacle-avoiding-
robot-fb30e4
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robotics
 Chatelais  Q.,  Vultur  H,  and  Kanellis  E.,  “Maze  Solving 
by an Autonomous  Robot”,  Aalborg  University,  2014.
 International  Journal  of  Computer  Applications,  2012, vol. 
56,  no.  5,  pp.  8-13.