Week 5 OOW Transvers Statice Stability
Uploaded by
Amin Al QawasmehWeek 5 OOW Transvers Statice Stability
Uploaded by
Amin Al QawasmehTransverse
Statical
Stability
Capt. Amin qawasmeh
In this section, the stability of a ship is introduced in terms of how it may be quantified within small angles of the heel. It
introduces the Curve of Statical Stability or GZ Curve as a way of representing the stability of a ship in a graphical format.
On completion of this section, the learner will:
•1
•1
•Understand the term 'Transverse Statical Stability'.
•2
•2
•Understand the term ‘righting lever 'and how righting levers are presented as a 'Curve of Statical Stability'(GZ Curve) for different angles of
heel.
•3
•3
•Understand the term ''righting moment''.
•4
•4
•Understand the term 'Initial Transverse Metacentre’and its relevance to the initial stability of a ship when heeled within small angles.
•5
•5
•Understand the term "Metacentric Height" and its relevance to current IMO minimum stability criteria.
•6
•6
•Be able to calculate the "Moment of Transverse Statical Stability" for a ship at a specified angle of heel.
Transverse Statical Stability
Transverse statical stability is a term used to describe the ability of a ship to return to the upright when it has been forcibly
heeled by an external force and is momentarily at rest when that ship is floating in still water.
Provided weights within the ship are properly secured, the position of G is assumed not to move as the ship heels.
(However, if the ship heels excessively, lashings may give way, causing the cargo to shift.)
The words: external force, momentarily at rest, and still water are very important.
A simple way of considering the above statement is to imagine someone with a model boat floating in a bath of still
water. The model is held in a heeled position, the external force, and then let go. If a snapshot photograph is taken the
instant that the person lets go of the model, the positions of the center of gravity and center of buoyancy may be
considered at the same instant, so are momentarily at rest.
This idea should be borne in mind when considering transverse statical stability.
When a ship is heeled at sea by wind and waves, the situation might be different from our
imagined still water situation. This is one of the limitations of evaluating ship stability for still
water conditions only, but applied to a dynamic environment in which the ship will be actually
in!
It is the relative positions of the center of gravity (G) and the center of buoyancy (B) as the
ship is heeled to a particular angle that determines how stable a ship is.
Consider the ship shown. When upright, in still water, lines of action of both the weight force (W f) and
buoyancy force (Bf) acting through the points G and Bare are illustrated.
If the ship is heeled by an external force to some angle, the
relative positions of G and B change, causing the lines of action
of Wf and Bf to become horizontally separated .
Brainstorming point
Will this ship heel further or return to the upright if the external force is removed?
Answer
Righting Lever (GZ)
Righting lever (GZ) is the horizontal distance, measured in meters, between the center of gravity (G) and the vertical line
of action of the buoyancy force (Bf) acting through the center of buoyancy (B) when the ship is heeled.
Righting lever (GZ) increases to a maximum
value and then decreases as the ship
progressively heels further.
The righting levers for specified angles of the heel are
represented on a Curve of Statical Stability, commonly
known as a GZ Curve, as shown.
The procedure for producing such a curve is discussed in
Section 10 - Curves of Statical Stability (GZ Curves).
Moment of Statical Stability (Righting Moment)
The moment of statical stability, commonly referred to as the righting moment, at any given angle of
heel is found by:
This results from the buoyancy force (Bf) (being equal to the ship's displacement (Wf) acting on the end of the lever
GZ, which pivots about G.
Example
Calculate the righting moment for a ship with a displacement of 12000 tonnes if the righting lever (GZ) is 0.46 m
when heeled over.
Answer:
RM= GZ * Displacement
RM= 0.46 * 12000
RM= 5520 t-m
Initial Transverse Metacenter (M)
This is defined as the point of intersection of successive lines of action of buoyancy force (B f) when the ship is in
the initial upright condition and subsequently heeled conditions.
It is assumed to be at a fixed position ·when the ship is heeled within small angles only. Consider the ship shown.
It is clear that when the ship heels beyond small angles, the point of intersection has to move, providing the term Initial
Transverse Metacentre.
Its position is expressed as a height above the keel in meters, and it is termed KM.
It is tabulated in the ship's hydrostatic data and its position varies with draught, the Initial Transverse Metacenter is further
investigated in Section 8.
Metacentric Height (GM)
This is the vertical distance between the ship's center of gravity (G) and the initial transverse metacenter (M).
The GM is very important in determining the initial stability of the ship, ie the stability of the ship at small angles of the
heel.
Consider the vertical positions of the center of gravity (G) and the initial transverse metacenter (M) for the ship shown:
It is the aim of the officer in charge of loading the ship to ensure that this is the case at all times.
The initial metacentric height (GM) should not be less than 0.15 m in a normal seagoing condition. (Code on
Intact Stability for All Types of Ships Covered by IMO Instruments (IMO) -Chapter 3, Section 3.1.2.4)
Calculating the Righting Moment at Small Angles of Heel
Example
A ship has a displacement of 9420 tonnes and a KM of 9.22 m. In its present loaded condition, the KG is 7.46 m. Calculate
the moment of statical stability available if the ship is heeled to:
(a) 2 deg.
(b) 4 deg.
(c) 8 deg.
