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Igneous Rocks Notes

This document discusses the formation and characteristics of igneous rocks, explaining that intrusive igneous rocks like granite form from magma that cools slowly below the Earth's surface resulting in large crystal size, while extrusive igneous rocks like basalt and obsidian form from lava that cools rapidly on the surface resulting in small crystal size or a glassy texture with no crystals. It also covers the mineral composition and physical properties that can help identify different types of igneous rocks.

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Ace Cardeno
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124 views

Igneous Rocks Notes

This document discusses the formation and characteristics of igneous rocks, explaining that intrusive igneous rocks like granite form from magma that cools slowly below the Earth's surface resulting in large crystal size, while extrusive igneous rocks like basalt and obsidian form from lava that cools rapidly on the surface resulting in small crystal size or a glassy texture with no crystals. It also covers the mineral composition and physical properties that can help identify different types of igneous rocks.

Uploaded by

Ace Cardeno
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Today’s Objective:

What makes Igneous Rocks special?

Do Now: THINK

What are sedimentary and how are they


classified?
Environments of Formation

ESRT pg 6
Environments of Formation

– rocks that
form when magma hardens beneath
Earth’s surface.

** The slower MAGMA


cools the larger the
crystals ***
Granite
– When lava hardens on the Earth’s surface.

-Lava cools quickly, resulting in

- Smaller crystals.

- Vesicular texture (holes).

- No Crystals at all (glassy).


Textures of Igneous Rocks
Textures of Igneous Rocks
Intrusive

– Slow cooling results in the


formation of large crystals.
Extrusive

– Rapid cooling of magma or


lava results in rocks with small,
interconnected mineral grains.
Ex: Obsidian

– Glassy texture results


from cooling that is so fast
that minerals do not have a
chance to crystallize.
Extrusive

Ex: Pumice

- Vesicles (holes, pores, or


cavities) are the result of
gas bubbles, which often
occurs during volcanic
eruptions.
Characteristics of Igneous Rocks
Composition of Igneous Rocks

– a lighter color – a darker color

- a lower density - a higher density

- rich in Silicon (Si) and - rich in Iron (Fe) and


Aluminum (Al) Magnesium (Mg)
Mineral Composition of Igneous Rocks

Rhyolite is made
up of:
- Potassium
feldspar
- Quartz
- Plagioclase
feldspar
- Biotite (mica)
- Amphibole
Mineral Composition of Igneous Rocks

What is Gabbro
made of?
- Plagioclase
feldspar
- Biotite (mica)
-Pyroxene
- Olivine
- Amphibole
Using your knowledge of earth science, your
earth science reference tables and your class
notes contrast Basalt and Granite in terms of
how each forms, the texture of each, the color
and the composition in your notebook.
Basalt Granite
Formation
Texture
Color
Composition

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