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Ionizing and Non Ionizing Radiation

This document discusses ionizing and non-ionizing radiation. Non-ionizing radiation ranges from extremely low frequency to ultraviolet and does not have enough energy to remove electrons from atoms. Ionizing radiation can remove electrons and includes alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma/x-rays. Internal radiation exposure occurs when radioactive material enters the body, while external exposure comes from sources outside the body like x-rays. Both internal and external radiation can damage cells, with alpha particles posing more risk internally due to localized energy deposition. External hazards are reduced through shielding, distance, and minimizing exposure time.

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Syed Inam Ullah
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141 views

Ionizing and Non Ionizing Radiation

This document discusses ionizing and non-ionizing radiation. Non-ionizing radiation ranges from extremely low frequency to ultraviolet and does not have enough energy to remove electrons from atoms. Ionizing radiation can remove electrons and includes alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma/x-rays. Internal radiation exposure occurs when radioactive material enters the body, while external exposure comes from sources outside the body like x-rays. Both internal and external radiation can damage cells, with alpha particles posing more risk internally due to localized energy deposition. External hazards are reduced through shielding, distance, and minimizing exposure time.

Uploaded by

Syed Inam Ullah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Ionizing and non

ionizing radiation
MUHAMMAD BASIT
Non-ionizing radiation

 Radiation that has enough energy to move around atoms in a molecule or cause
them to vibrate, but not enough to remove electrons, is referred to as "non-
ionizing radiation.“

 Non-ionizing radiation ranges from extremely low frequency radiation, shown on


the far left through the audible, microwave, and visible portions of the spectrum
into the ultraviolet range.
 Ranges: 100hz or less
Ionizing radiation

 Radiation that falls within the "ionizing radiation" range has enough energy to
remove tightly bound electrons from atoms, thus creating ions. This is the type of
radiation that people usually think of as 'radiation.
 High frequencies ranges upto 100 billion hertz
 There are three main kinds of ionizing radiation:
 alpha particles, which include two protons and two neutrons
 beta particles, which are essentially high-speed electrons
 gamma rays and x-rays, which are pure energy (photons).
Internal & external hazards of radition
Internal hazards of radiation

 Internal radiation exposure hazards result from radioactive material that gets
inside the body when you breathe it or eat it or when it passes through your skin.
 Internal exposure, however, can come from all types of radioactive materials if
they are inside the body.
 Alpha
 Beta
 Gamma
 Once inside, much of the radiation energy will get absorbed in cells,
tissues, and organs.
 The extent of an internal radiation dose is related to the amount of
material inside the body.
 Alpha particles can be very hazardous internally because an
alpha particle does not travel very far and its energy is deposited
within a small volume, increasing the chance of cell death.
External radiation hazards

 External exposure is radiation that comes from somewhere outside the body and
interacts with us.
 The source of radiation can be a piece of equipment that produces the radiation.
 Sources outside the body that emit x or gamma rays can be external radiation
exposure hazards.
 radiation exposure is unlikely from alpha and beta particles.
high-energy beta particles can cause a large skin dose if allowed to be on the skin
for a long time because they will leave much of their energy there.
How to reduce external hazards
 External hazards can arise from any source of penetrating radiation, e.g. X-ray
sets, gamma emitters, neutron sources and hard beta emitters
 Protection against radiation by
 (a) use of effective shielding;
 (b) keeping one's distance and
 (c) exposing oneself for the minimum of time

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