CE – 307

Credits: 3 + 0
Min. Contact Hours: 48
Batch: UG CE 2k20
Fall 2022 Semester

Structural Analysis-II

Lecture 3 – Force Method (Analysis of Frames)

Atif Rasheed Baloch

Lecturer Civil Engineering Department
NUST Balochistan Campus, Quetta,
Pakistan
Cell: 92-333-7714643, Email: [email protected]
 Contents
• Flow Chart for the Force Method
• Solved Example (Frame)

Structural Analysis - II (Atif Rasheed Baloch) 2

 Flow Chart for Method of Consistent Deformation (Force Method)
Beam: (Keep in mind the cases of internal hinges)
Step # 1: Determine the Truss: (b no. of bars, r no. of external reactions, j no. of joints)
Degree of Indeterminacy Frame: (Don’t forget to count the number of loops)

Select one of the support reactions as the redundant. The choice of redundant is merely a matter of
Step # 2: Choose Redundant convenience, and any reaction can be selected as the redundant, provided that the removal of the
corresponding restraint from the given indeterminate structure results in a primary structure (PS)
that is statically determinate and stable.
Step # 3: Draw two diagrams
for Primary Structure (PS). 1. With only external loading applied. Show the deformation (Deflection/Slope)
2. With only unit value of redundant applied. Show the appropriate symbol the
flexibility coefficient representing deformation (Deflection/Slope)
Step # 4: Write the
compatibility equation Write the compatibility equation by setting the algebraic sum of the deflections (or slopes)
of the primary structure at the location of the redundant due to the external loading and the
redundant equal to the given displacement (or rotation) of the redundant support of the actual
Step # 5: Compute the deflections of
indeterminate structure.
PS and put in compatibility equation

For beams with constant flexural rigidity EI, it is usually convenient to determine these
Step # 6: Determine the reactions of the
quantities by using the deflection formulas, otherwise, Conjugate Beam Method is
indeterminate structure and Draw SFD &
useful, whereas the deflections of trusses and frames can be conveniently computed by
BMD either by equilibrium or
using the method of virtual work.
superposition method.
3
 Flow Chart for Method of Consistent Deformation (Force Method)
Step # 1: Determine the
Degree of Indeterminacy Determine the reactions and draw the shear and bending moment diagrams
for the frame shown in Fig. using the method of consistent deformations.
Select the horizontal reaction at the A to be the redundant.
Step # 2: Choose Redundant

Step # 3: Draw two diagrams

for Primary Structure (PS).

Step # 4: Write the

compatibility equation.

Step # 5: Compute the deflections of

PS and put in compatibility equation.

Step # 6: Determine the reactions of the

indeterminate structure and Draw SFD &
BMD either by equilibrium or
superposition method.
Structural Analysis - II (Atif Rasheed Baloch) 4
 Solved Examples

Structural Analysis - II (Atif Rasheed Baloch) 5

 Solved Examples

The deflections ΔAO and fAA of the primary frame will be evaluated by using
the virtual work method. The virtual work expression for Δ AO, which
represents the horizontal deflection at joint A of the primary frame due to
external loading, can be written as :

Structural Analysis - II Fall Semester 2021 (Atif Rasheed Baloch) 6

 Solved Examples

For computing the flexibility coefficient fAA, both the real and virtual systems
consist of a unit value of the redundant AX applied to the primary frame, as
shown in Fig. (c) (without the multiplier AX). Thus, the virtual work expression
for fAA becomes:

Structural Analysis - II (Atif Rasheed Baloch) 7

 Solved Examples

Structural Analysis - II (Atif Rasheed Baloch) 8

 Solved Examples

Structural Analysis - II (Atif Rasheed Baloch) 9

 Self Practice (Method of Consistent Deformation)

Determine the
force in member Determine the moment at the fixed
AC of the truss support A for the frame shown in
shown in Fig. 10– Fig 10(a). The support at B is a
15a. AE is the rocker. EI is constant.
same for all the
members.
Fig 10
Fig. 10–15a.
Structural Analysis - II (Atif Rasheed Baloch) 10
Thank you for your attention

11