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What Is Morphology

The document discusses key concepts in morphology including: - Morphemes as the smallest units of meaning that make up words, which can be simplex (one morpheme) or complex (multiple morphemes). - The difference between word types which counts unique words, and word tokens which counts each instance of a word. - Lexemes as concepts represented by a set of forms like walk, walks, walked. - Inflectional and derivational morphemes, with inflection changing grammatical properties and derivation changing word classes. - Morphology involves analyzing word structure and formation using morphemes and how their combinations create new lexemes and word forms.

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Sulis Tiyani
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144 views9 pages

What Is Morphology

The document discusses key concepts in morphology including: - Morphemes as the smallest units of meaning that make up words, which can be simplex (one morpheme) or complex (multiple morphemes). - The difference between word types which counts unique words, and word tokens which counts each instance of a word. - Lexemes as concepts represented by a set of forms like walk, walks, walked. - Inflectional and derivational morphemes, with inflection changing grammatical properties and derivation changing word classes. - Morphology involves analyzing word structure and formation using morphemes and how their combinations create new lexemes and word forms.

Uploaded by

Sulis Tiyani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What is Morphology?

By Sulistiyani (1903046108)
KEY TERMS OF MORPHOLOGY:

 Morpheme
 Simplex
 Complex
 Word Types
 Word Tokens
 Lexeme
 Word Form
 Inflection
 Derivation
 Morpheme: the smallest unit of language that has own meaning. Examples:
giraffe, wiggle, yellow, etc.
 Simplex: words that consist of only one morpheme. Examples: giraffe, fraud,
murmur, oops, just, pistachio, etc.
 Complex: words that are made up of more than one morpheme. Examples:
opposition, intellectual, crystallize, prewash, repressive, blackboard, etc.
 Word Types: counting a word once, no matter how many times it occurs in a
sentence. Examples:
- My friend and I walk to class together, because our classes are in the same
building and we dislike walking alone. (20 types)
- My dog likes his dog. (4 types)
- I spoke to the chap who spoke to the child. (7 types)
 Word Tokens: counting every instance in which a word occurs in a sentence, regardless of
whether that word has occurred before or not. Examples:
- My friend and I walk to class together, because our classes are in the same building and
we dislike walking alone. (21 tokens)
- My dog likes his dog. (5 tokens)
- I spoke to the chap who spoke to the child. (10 tokens)
 Lexeme: different way of counting words would be to count. Examples:
- Class and classes
- Walk and walking
- I and my
- Our and we
 Word Form: written and spoken forms which represent the lexeme in speech. Examples:
- WALK – walk, walks, walked, walking
- RUN – run, runs, ran, running
- SING – sing, sings, sang, sung, singing
 Inflection: word formation that expresses grammatical distinctions like number
(singular vs plural); tense (present vs past); person (first, second, third); and case
(subject, object, possessive); among others. Examples:
- -s plural nouns She has got two guitars
- -‘s possessive nouns Lisa’s hair is long
- -er comparative adj Lisa has longer hair than Ica
 Derivation: changes the adjectives normal to the verb normalize. Examples:
- Un- unhappy
- Mis- misunderstand
- -ful powerful
- -less homeless
ACCORDING THE ARTICLE
Lexical Morphology: Structure, Process, and Development

By Linda Jarmulowicz and Valentina L. Taran

 The lexeme is represented in the lexicon and is much like a bare stem or a citation
form.

 The morpheme includes affixes, reduplication, and by some accounts modifications of


phonological representation.

 Inflection alters words to fit in different grammatical contexts, creating new word


forms, but not new lexemes.
Morphology for English Language Teaching

By Giyatmi

 Morphology is the study on how words are created from smaller elements, and the
changes made to those smaller elements in the process of building lexemes
and word-forms.

 Word is a small unit of linguistic form limited by spaces and the ingredients of
sentences.

 Morpheme (the smallest meaningful units in language) and words become the
central points in studying Morphology.

 Words cannot be segmented into smaller units with their own meaning such as the,
fierce, desk, eat, boot, etc.

 Meanwhile, other words are morphologically complex. It means those words can be
broken down into smaller parts with their own meaning. For example, the
word waithood (wait + -hood).
 Morphemes are classified into three; free morphemes (a morpheme that can
stand alone), bound morpheme (a morpheme that cannot stand alone), and
zero morpheme (a morpheme consisting no phonetic form).

 Free Morphemes: Content words (Noun, Verb, Adjective, Adverb) and Function
words (Preposition, Articles, Conjunction, Pronoun, etc.).

 Bound morphemes: Affixes. Based on their position, affixes can be classified into
prefixes (affixes in the front position, such as re-, dis-, il-, im-, de-, etc.) and suffixes
(affixes in the back position such as –able, -ion, -ment, -ian, etc.)

 Based on their function, affixes can be derivational and inflectional affixes.


Derivational affixes are those that can change the part of speech of the word that
they attach to. For example, is happy (Adj) + -ness (suffix) becomes happiness
(Noun). On the other hand, inflectional affixes are those that cannot change the part
of speech of the words that they attach to, for example, is book (Noun) + -s
(suffix) becomes books (Noun).
Thank you…

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