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CCNAv3.3 201

This document discusses WANs and routers. It defines WANs as networks that cover wide geographic areas and use common carriers, operating at the physical, data link and network layers. Major WAN devices include routers, modems, CSU/DSUs, access servers and WAN switches. Routers connect networks and determine the best data path, containing components like RAM, NVRAM, flash and interfaces. The document outlines how to connect a router's console, LAN and various WAN ports.

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Tung Hoang
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61 views48 pages

CCNAv3.3 201

This document discusses WANs and routers. It defines WANs as networks that cover wide geographic areas and use common carriers, operating at the physical, data link and network layers. Major WAN devices include routers, modems, CSU/DSUs, access servers and WAN switches. Routers connect networks and determine the best data path, containing components like RAM, NVRAM, flash and interfaces. The document outlines how to connect a router's console, LAN and various WAN ports.

Uploaded by

Tung Hoang
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CCNA Semester 2 Chapter 01 WANs AND ROUTERs

Table of Content
1 WANs 2 Router

Objectives
Identify organizations responsible for WAN standards The difference between a WAN and LAN The type of standards and protocols are used in WAN Identify internal components of the router and their functions Describe the physical characteristics of the router Identify management, LAN and WAN ports on a router Properly connect Ethernet, serial WAN, and console ports

WANs

Introduction to WANs
What is a WAN?
A WAN is a data communications network that covers a relatively broad geographic area and that often uses transmission facilities provided by common carriers

Major characteristics
They connect devices that are separated by wide geographical areas. They use the services of carriers to establish the link They use serial connections of various types to access bandwidth over large geographic areas
5

LANs vs WANs
LAN ? ? WAN ? ?

A WAN operates at the physical layer, the data link layer and the network layer of the OSI reference model

WAN devices
Router Modem CSU/DSU Access Server WAN Switch

WAN devices

WAN devices

A WAN switch is a multiport internetworking device used in carrier networks


9

WAN devices

An access server acts as a concentration point for dial-in and dial-out connections
1

WAN devices

WAN devices

WAN devices

WANs standards and protocols

Router

Physical

Modem or CSU/DSU

Modem or CSU/DSU

Router

Data Link

WAN physical layer protocols describe how to provide electrical, mechanical, operational, and functional connections for WAN services WAN data link protocols describe how frames are carried between systems on a single data link.
1

WANs standards and protocols


EIA/TIA-232, V.35, X.21, HSSI Modem or CSU/DSU Router

HDLC High-level Data Link Control Frame Relay ISDN Integrated Service Digital Network PPP Point-to-Point Protocol

WANs standards and protocols

International Telecommunication UnionTelecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T), formerly the Consultative Committee for International Telegraph and Telephone (CCITT) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Electronic Industries Association (EIA)
1

ROUTERS

Introduction to routers in a WAN


A router is a special type of computer Routers connect and allow communication between two networks and determine the best path for data to travel through the connected networks Routers need the Internetwork Operating System (IOS) software to run configuration files

Router physical characteristics

Internal Components: RAM/DRAM

Stores routing tables, ARP cache, switching cache, packet buffering, and packet hold queues. Provides temporary and/or running memory for a router's configuration file while the router is powered; RAM content is lost during a power down or restart
2

RAM - Working Storage

Internal Components: NVRAM

Non-volatile RAM stores the router's backup/startup configuration file. NVRAM content is retained during power down or restart

Internal Components: FLASH


Erasable, reprogrammable ROM. Holds the operating system image and microcode. Flash memory enables software updates without removing and replacing processor chips. Flash content is retained during power down or restart. Flash memory can store multiple versions of IOS software
2

Internal Components: ROM

Contains power-on diagnostics, a bootstrap program, and operating system software. Software upgrades in ROM require removing and replacing pluggable chips on the CPU.

Internal Components: Console

Send commands to Router through a PC serial connection as COM1 or COM2. Use a rollover cable and TERMINAL adapter.
2

Internal Components: Auxiliary

Send commands to Router through a MODEM connection. Use a rollover cable and MODEM adapter.
2

Internal Components: Interfaces

Network connections on the motherboard or on separate interface modules, through which packets enter and exit a router.

Router LANs and WANs

Network Layer Path Determination

Internetwork Routers
Any internetwork must include the following:
Consistent end-to-end addressing Addresses that represent network topologies Best path selection Dynamic routing Switching

Router external connections

External Configuration Sources

Connecting console interfaces

Connecting AUX interfaces

HyperTerminal session properties

Connecting Console Interfaces


1. Configure terminal emulation software on the PC for the following: The appropriate com port 9600 baud 8 data bits 1 stop bit No parity No flow control Connect a rollover cable to the router console port (RJ-45 connector). Connect the other end of the rollover cable to the RJ-45 to DB-9 adapter Attach the female DB-9 adapter to a PC.

1. 2. 3.
3

Connecting router LAN interfaces

From an Ethernet/FastEthernet interface to a hub/switch: straight through cable From an Ethernet/FastEthernet interface to a PC/other Router: crossover cable.
3

Connecting LAN Interfaces

WAN connection types

Connecting WAN interfaces

Connecting WAN interfaces

Router serial interfaces

Connecting WAN interfaces

Connecting WAN interfaces

Academy approach to hands-on labs

CCNA Course Labs

In the lab, all the networks will be connected with serial or Ethernet cables and the students can see and physically touch all the equipment. Devices that make up the WAN cloud are simulated by the connection between the back-to-back DTE-DCE cables.
4

Summary

The major difference between a WAN and a LAN organizations that define and manage the standards used for WAN What layers are WANs operate at layer? The devices used in a WAN The main internal components of a router There are three basic external connections on a router How to connect router console, LAN, and WAN ports
4

Q&A

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