CCNA Semester 4 Chapter 04

ISDN and DDR

Objectives
Define the ISDN standards used for addressing, concepts, and signaling Describe how ISDN uses the physical and data link layers List the interfaces and reference points for ISDN Configure the router ISDN interface Determine what traffic is allowed when configuring DDR Configure static routes for DDR Choose the correct encapsulation type for DDR Be able to determine and apply an access list affecting DDR traffic Configure dialer interfaces
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Table of Content
1 ISDN Concepts 2 ISDN Configuration 3 DDR Configuration

ISDN CONCEPTS

Introducing ISDN
The ISDN standards define the hardware and call setup schemes for end-to-end digital connectivity ISDN allows digital signals to be transmitted over existing telephone wiring ISDN brings digital connectivity to local sites. The following list provides some of the benefits of ISDN:
Carries a variety of user traffic signals, including data, voice, and video Offers much faster call setup than modem connections B channels provide a faster data transfer rate than modems B channels are suitable for negotiated Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) links

Introducing ISDN (cont.)

ISDN uses out-of-band signaling, the delta (D channel), for call setup and signaling ISDN uses bearer channels, also called B channels, as clear data paths. Each B channel provides 64 kbps of bandwidth. Each ISDN B channel can make a separate serial connection to any other site in the ISDN network
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ISDN Standards And Access Methods

E Protocols Recommend telephone network standards for ISDN. For example, the E.164 protocol describes international addressing for ISDN. I Protocols Deal with concepts, terminology, and general methods. The I.100 series includes general ISDN concepts and the structure of other I-series recommendations. I.200 deals with service aspects of ISDN. I.300 describes network aspects. I.400 describes how the UNI is provided. Q Protocols Cover how switching and signaling should operate. The term signaling in this context means the process of establishing an ISDN call.
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ISDN Standards And Access Methods (cont.)

BRI D 2B Service Provider Network CSU/DSU NT1

D 23B or 30B PRI

ISDN specifies two standard access methods, BRI and PRI. BRI uses two 64 kbps B channels plus one 16kbps D channel. ISDN is considered a circuit-switched connection. The D channel carries signaling messages to control calls on B channels

ISDN 3-layer Model And Protocols

ISDN utilizes a suite of ITU-T standards spanning the physical, data link, and network layers of the OSI reference model

OSI Layer D-Channel 3 2 1 Q.931 ISDN network Layer between terminal Switch Q.921 LAPD

B-Channel IP,IPX PPP HDLC

I.430/I.431 ISDN physical-layer interface - I.430 for basic interface - I.431 for primary interface

ISDN 3-layer Model And Protocols (cont.)

- ISDN BRI frames contain 48 bits.

- Four thousand of these frames are transmitted a sec. - Each B channel, B1and B2, have a capacity of 64 kbps
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ISDN 3-layer Model And Protocols (cont.)

LAPD is similar to HDLC. LAPD is used across D channel to ensure that control & signaling information is received and

ISDN Functions
Calling Party Call setup Setup Ack Call preceding Alert Connect Connect Ack ISDN Service Provider Time Setup Call preceding Alert Connect Connect Ack Called Party

To establish an ISDN call, the D channel is used between the router and the ISDN switch. Signal System 7 (SS7) signaling is used

ISDN components

ISDN component: TE
Specialized ISDN terminals are referred to as Terminal Equipment type 1 (TE1).
Connect to the ISDN network through a four-wire, twisted-pair digital link.

Non-ISDN terminals such as DTE that predate the ISDN standards are referred to as Terminal Equipment type 2 (TE2).
Connect to the ISDN network through a TA. The ISDN TA can be either a standalone device or a board inside the TE2. If the TE2 is implemented as a standalone device, it connects to the TA via a standard physical-layer interface.
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ISDN component: NT
Network Termination type 1 (NT1) or Network Termination type 2 (NT2) device. These are NT devices that connect the fourwire subscriber wiring to the conventional two-wire local loop.
In North America, the NT1 is a Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) device. In most parts of the world, the NT1 is part of the network provided by the carrier.

The NT2 is a more complicated device, that performs L2 and L3 protocol services. An NT1/2 is a single device that combines the functions of an NT1 and an NT2.
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ISDN component: TA
TAs connect to workstations or non-ISDN router by externally through the communications ports (such as RS-232) and can be used similarly to analog (such as V.34) internal and external modems. TAs can provide a single PC user with direct control over ISDN session initiation and release, similar to using an analog modem. Automated mechanisms must be provided to support the addition and removal of the secondary B channel. Cisco 200 Series PC cards can provide ISDN services to a PC.
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ISDN Reference Points

ISDN reference points

Determining The Router ISDN Interface

Determine whether the router supports ISDN BRI. Determine the provider of the NT1. If the NT1 is CPE, make sure the router ha aU

ISDN Switch Types

Services offered by ISDN carriers vary considerably from country to country or region to region Routers must be configured to identify the type of switch with which they will communicate
E.g: net3, net5, 5ess,DMS-100,vn2,vn3,etc

there may also be necessary to know what service profile identifiers (SPIDs) are assigned by the telco. Each SPID points to line setup and configuration information
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ISDN CONFIGURATION

Configuring ISDN BRI

Step 1: Specify the ISDN switch type Router(config)# isdn switch-type switchtype Router(config-if)# isdn switch-type switchtype Configuring the isdn switch-type command in the global configuration mode sets the ISDN switch type identically for all ISDN interfaces. Individual interfaces may be configured, after the global configuration command, to reflect an alternate switch type.
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Configuring ISDN BRI

Step 2: (Optional) Specify the SPIDs Router(config-if)#isdn spid1 spid-number [ldn] Router(config-if)#isdn spid2 spid-number [ldn] The optional ldn argument defines a local dial directory number the ldn number must match the called party information coming in from the ISDN switch.
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Configuring ISDN PRI

ISDN PRI is delivered over a leased T1 or E1 line. The main PRI configuration tasks are as follows:
Specify the correct PRI switch type that the router interfaces with at the CO of the ISDN provider. Specify the T1/E1 controller, framing type, and line coding for the facility of the ISDN provider. Set a PRI group timeslot for the T1/E1 facility and indicate the speed used.

Configuring ISDN PRI

Step 1: Specify the isdn switch-type Use the isdn switch-type command to specify the ISDN switch used by the provider to which the PRI connects.
Router(config)#isdn switch-type primary-net5

Configuring ISDN PRI

Step 2: Configure controller
Task1: specify the controller and the slot/port in the router where the PRI card is located: Router(config)#controller {t1 | e1} {slot/port} Task2: Configure the framing, line coding, and clocking
For T1, use the following command syntax:
Router(config-controller)#framing {sf | esf}

For E1 lines, use the framing command with the following options:
Router(config-controller)#framing {crc4 | no-crc4} [australia]

Use the linecode command to identify the physical-layer signaling method on the digital facility of the provider:
Router(config-controller)#linecode {ami | b8zs| hdb3}
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Configuring ISDN PRI

Step 2: Configure controller
Task 3: Configure the specified interface for PRI operation and the number of fixed timeslots that are allocated on the digital facility of the provider: Router(config-controller)#pri-group [timeslots range] Task 4: Specify an interface for PRI D-channel operation. The interface is a serial interface to a T1/E1 on the router: Router(config)#interface serial{slot/port: | unit:}{23 | 15}
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Configuring ISDN PRI Example

Router(config)# controller e1 1/0 Router(config-controller)# framing crc4 Router(config-controller)#linecode hdb3 Router(config-controller)#pri-group timeslots 131 Router(config-controller)#interface s3/0:15 Router(config-if)# isdn switch-type primarynet5 Router(config-if)#ip addre 10.10.10.1 255.255.255.0
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Verifying ISDN Configuration

To confirm BRI operations, use the show isdn status command to inspect the status of the BRI interfaces Verify that Layer 1 Status is ACTIVE, and that the Layer 2 Status state MULTIPLE_FRAME_ESTABLISHED appears. The show isdn active command displays current call information, including all of the following:
Called number Time until the call is disconnected Charging units used during the call
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Verifying ISDN Configuration (cont)

The show dialer command displays information about the dialer interface:
Current call status Dialup timer values Dial reason Remote device that is connected

The show interface bri0/0 displays statistics for the BRI interface configured on the router.
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Troubleshooting The ISDN Configuration

The debug isdn q921 command shows data link layer, or Layer 2, messages on the D channel between the router and the ISDN switch The debug isdn q931 command shows the exchange of call setup and teardown messages of the Layer 3 ISDN connection. debug ppp authentication debug ppp negotiation debug ppp error
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DDR CONFIGURATION

DDR Overview
Dial-on-demand routing (DDR) is triggered when traffic that matches a predefined set of criteria is queued to be sent out a DDRenabled interface. The traffic that causes a DDR call to be placed is referred to as interesting traffic. Once the router has transmitted the interesting traffic, the call is terminated The key to efficient DDR operation is in the definition of interesting traffic.
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DDR Operation

Configuring Legacy DDR

To configure legacy DDR perform the following steps:

Define static routes Specify interesting traffic Configure the dialer information

Defining Static Routes For DDR

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Specifying Interesting Traffic For DDR

Use the dialer-list command to identify interesting traffic. The command syntax is as follows: Router(config)#dialer-list dialer-group-num protocol protocol-name {permit | deny | list access-list-number} E.g 1: dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit E.g 2: Dialer-list 2 protocol ip list 101 Access-list 101 deny tcp any any eq www
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Access-list 101 permit ip any any

Configuring DDR Dialer Information

Step 1: PPP on DDR interface Home(config)#username Central password cisco Home(config)#interface bri0/0 Home(config-if)#encapsulation ppp Home(config-if)#ppp authentication chap Home(config-if)#ip address 10.1.0.1 255.255.255.0
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Configuring DDR Dialer Information(cont)

Step 2:
A dialer list specifying the interesting traffic for this DDR interface needs to be associated with the DDR interface. This is done using the dialer-group groupnumber command: Home(config-if)#dialer-group 1 group-number specifies the number of the dialer group to which the interface belongs. This number must match the dialer-list groupnumber.
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Configuring DDR Dialer Information(cont)

Step 3:
The correct dialing information for the remote DDR interface needs to be specified. This is done using the dialer map command. The dialer map command maps the remote protocol address to a telephone number. This command is necessary to dial multiple sites. Router(config-if)#dialer map protocol next-hopaddress [name hostname] [speed 56 | 64] [broadcast] dial-string If dialing only one site, use an unconditional dialer string command The dialer idle-timeout seconds command may be used to specify the number of idle seconds before a call is disconnected

Configuring Legacy DDR Example

How do I get to subnetwork 10.10.0.0?
10.1.0.1 10.1.0.2

Home

bri 0 5551000

ISDN

bri 0 5552000

Central

Subnets 10.10.0.0 10.20.0.0

Task1
Ip route 10.10.0.0 255.255.0.0 10.10.0.2 dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit interface BRI0 ip address 10.1.0.1 255.255.255.0 encapsulation ppp dialer idle-timeout 180 dialer map ip 10.1.0.2 name Central 5552000 dialer-group 1 no fair-queue ppp authentication chap

Task2

Number to dial
Task3

Remote host name Used for PPP CHAP

Dialer Profiles

Legacy DDR is limited because the configuration is applied directly to a physical interface. Since the IP address is applied directly to the interface, then only DDR interfaces configured in that specific subnet can establish a DDR connection with that interface. Dialer profiles remove the configuration from the interface receiving or making calls and only bind the configuration to the interface on a per-call basis. Dialer profiles allow physical interfaces to dynamically take on different characteristics based on incoming or outgoing call requirements.
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Dialer Profiles

Dialer Profile Elements

Physical interfaces Interfaces in a dialer pool are configured for encapsulation parameters and to

Dialer interface A logical entity that uses a perdestination dialer profile Dialer pool a group of one or more physical interfaces associated with a dialer profile

Configuring Dialer Profiles

Multiple dialer interfaces may be configured on a router. Each dialer interface is the complete configuration for a destination. To configure the dialer interface, perform the following tasks: Task 1:
Configure one or more dialer interfaces with all the basic DDR commands:
IP address Encapsulation type and authentication Idle-timer Dialer-group for interesting traffic

Configuring Dialer Profiles(cont.)

Task2:
Configure a dialer string and dialer remote-name to specify the remote router name and phone number to dial it.

Task 3
The dialer pool associates this logical interface with a pool of physical interfaces.

Task 4:
Configure the physical interfaces and assign them to a dialer pool using the dialer pool-member command

Configuring Dialer Profiles(cont.)

An physical interface can be assigned to multiple dialer pools by using multiple dialer pool-member commands. If more than one physical interface exists in the pool, use the priority option of the dialer pool-member command to set the priority of the interface within a dialer pool. If multiple calls need to be placed and only one interface is available, then the dialer pool with the highest priority is the one that dials out.
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Verifying DDR Configuration

The show dialer interface [BRI] command
The message Dialer state is data link layer up suggests that the dialer came up properly and interface BRI 0/0:1 is bound to the profile dialer1.

The show isdn active command displays information about the current active ISDN calls. The show isdn status command displays information about the three layers of the BRI interface.
In this output, ISDN Layer 1 is active, ISDN Layer 2 is established with SPID1 and SPID2 validated, and there is one active connection on Layer 3.
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Troubleshooting The DDR Configuration

debug isdn q921 the seventh and eighth most significant hexadecimal numbers in the i = field indicate the type of Q.931 message:
0x05 indicates a call setup message 0x02 indicates a call proceeding message 0x07 indicates a call connect message 0x0F indicates a connect acknowledgment (ack) message

The debug isdn q931 command is useful for observing call setup exchanges for both outgoing and incoming calls

Troubleshooting The DDR Configuration (cont)

The debug dialer [events | packets] command is useful for troubleshooting DDR connectivity. The debug dialer events command sends a message to the console indicating when a DDR link has connected and what traffic caused it to connect. If there is no debug output, then the router is not aware of any interesting traffic. An incorrectly configured dialer or access list may be the cause.
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Troubleshooting The DDR Configuration (cont)

Use the isdn call interface command to force the local router to attempt to dial into the remote router. If the routers cannot communicate using this command, then the lack of connectivity is an ISDN problem, not a DDR problem The clear interface bri command clears currently established connections on the interface and resets the interface with the ISDN switch.
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Legacy DDR with multiple destinations

Specific call parameters must be defined under three separate physical interfaces, each of them connected to a separate line. This scenario might result in a waste of resources and money. A router with three dialup WAN interfaces would be needed, in addition to the cost of the three lines that might be used for only a few minutes daily.
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Using Dialer Profiles with multiple destinations

A more efficient solution is a mechanism called DDR with dialer profiles. With dialer profiles the physical interfaces are not locked into permanent configurations. Call parameters are on an asneeded basis. When the call is finished, the physical interface is freed of the previous logical configuration and is ready to service another calling destination using a different dialing profile. More later
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Using Dialer Profiles with multiple destinations

With Dialer Profiles Without Dialer Profiles

With Dialer Profiles the interface is not locked into a specific use with a permanent configuration.
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Dialer Profiles

Dialer profiles remove the configuration from the interface receiving or making calls and only bind the configuration to the interface on a per-call basis. Dialer profiles allow physical interfaces to dynamically take on different characteristics based on incoming or outgoing call requirements. Using dialer profiles, the following tasks may be performed:

Configure B channels of an ISDN interface with different IP subnets. Use different encapsulations on the B channels of an ISDN interface. Set different DDR parameters for the B channels of an ISDN interface. Eliminate the waste of ISDN B channels by letting ISDN BRIs belong to multiple dialer pools.

Dialer Profile Elements

A dialer profile consists of the following elements: Dialer interface A logical entity that uses a per-destination dialer profile. Dialer pool Each dialer interface references a dialer pool, which is a group

of one or more physical interfaces associated with a dialer profile. Physical interfaces Interfaces in a dialer pool are configured for encapsulation parameters and to identify the dialer pools to which the interface belongs. PPP authentication, encapsulation type, and multilink PPP are all configured on the physical interface.

The Dialer Interface

inter bri 0 dialer pool-member 1 interface Dialer0 ip address 21.1.1.1 255.0.0.0 encapsulation lapb dce multi dialer remote-name RU1 dialer idle-timeout 300 dialer string 60036 dialer-group 1 dialer pool 1 interface Dialer1 ip address 22.1.1.1 255.0.0.0 encapsulation ppp dialer remote-name RU2 dialer string 60043 dialer-group 1 ppp authentication chap dialer pool 1

The dialer interface is a mechanism in which physical interfaces are not locked with permanent configurations, but the mechanism assumes call parameters on an as-needed basis. Using the dialer interface allows you to specify one set of dialer maps that can apply to multiple physical lines. The dialer interface is not a physical interface. When a physical interface is being used for dialing, it inherits the parameters configured for the dialer interface. Dialer interfaces provide flexibility through dialer profiles.
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Dialer interfaces

Multiple dialer interfaces may be configured on a router. Each dialer interface is the complete configuration for a destination. The interface dialer command creates a dialer interface and enters interface configuration mode. To configure the dialer interface, perform the following tasks: 1. Configure one or more dialer interfaces with all the basic DDR commands:
IP address Encapsulation type and authentication Idle-timer Dialer-group for interesting traffic

1. Configure a dialer string and dialer remote-name to specify the remote router name and phone number to dial it. The dialer pool associates this logical interface with a pool of physical interfaces. 2. Configure the physical interfaces and assign them to a dialer pool using the dialer pool-member command.
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Dialer pool-member

dialer poo1 2

An interface can be assigned to multiple dialer pools by using multiple dialer pool-member commands. If more than one physical interface exists in the pool, use the priority option of the dialer pool-member command to set the priority of the interface within a dialer pool. If multiple calls need to be placed and only one interface is available, then the dialer pool with the highest priority is the one that dials out.

i a l e r P t o b e

i n t b r i 0 s p i d s e n c a p

D E
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Dialer Profiles Config

RTA(config)#interface bri0/0 RTA(config-if)#isdn spid1 51055512340001 5551234 RTA(config-if)#isdn spid2 51055512350001 5551235 RTA(config-if)#encapsulation ppp RTA(config-if)#ppp authentication chap RTA(config-if)#dialer pool-member 1 RTA(config)#interface dialer 0 RTA(config-if)#dialer pool 1 RTA(config-if)#ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 RTA(config-if)#encapsulation ppp RTA(config-if)#ppp authentication chap RTA(config-if)#dialer-group 1 RTA(config-if)#dialer remote-name RTB RTA(config-if)#dialer string 5554000 RTA(config-if)#dialer string 5554001

Before IOS 12.0.(7)T, you must configure encapsulation options on both physical and logical interfaces. No Dialer Map!

Placing calls with dialer profiles

If there is no dialer map, how does the router know which dialer profile to use when placing a call?

Placing calls with dialer profiles

If Central2 receives interesting traffic destined for the 10.0.0.0 network, it will check the routing table. The routing table indicates that the next-hop IP address for the 10.0.0.0 network is 1.1.1.2. Of the three configured dialer profiles, only interface Dialer1 is configured with an IP address, 1.1.1.1, which is in the same subnet as 1.1.1.2. Not the complete story, next slide. Therefore, interface Dialer1 is bound to the first available interface in dialer pool 1 and the call is made to 5551111.

Placing calls with dialer profiles

The routing table finds 10.0.0.0/8 which has an intermediate address of 1.1.1.2. The routing table needs to resolve this to an exit interface. The routing table process looks up 1.1.1.2 finding the 1.0.0.0/24 network. 1.0.0.0/24 has an exit interface of Dialer1. Interface dialer1 is used as the dialer.

Placing calls with dialer profiles

The same process is repeated when Central2 receives interesting traffic destined for 30.1.15.4. After checking the routing table, Central2 finds that the next hop to the 30.0.0.0/8 network is 3.3.3.1. Central2 then scans the configured dialer profiles. Central2 finds that interface Dialer3 is configured with an IP address on the same subnet as the next hop. Not the complete story. In this case, interface Dialer3 is bound to an interface in dialer pool 1, so that the call can be made to 5553333.
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Placing calls with dialer profiles

The routing table finds 30.0.0.0/8 which has an intermediate address of 3.3.3.1. The routing table needs to resolve this to an exit interface. The routing table process looks up 3.3.3.1 finding the 3.0.0.0/24 network. 3.0.0.0/24 has an exit interface of Dialer3. Interface dialer3 is used as the dialer.
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Receiving calls with dialer profiles

How does the router know which dialer profile to use when receiving a call?

Receiving calls with dialer profiles

If an interface in Central2 dialer pool 1 receives a call, it can bind to any of the three dialer profiles
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Receiving calls with dialer profiles

RTB

When RTB places a call to Central2, it dials a phone number that establishes a call with the BRI0 dialing pool at Central2. At this point, Central2 does not know which dialer profile to bind to BRI0. Because RTB is using PPP with CHAP, Central2's BRI0 needs to support this in order for the call to proceed. That is why dialer pool members, or physical interfaces, must have features such as, encapsulation, PPP authentication, and multilink PPP (MLP) already configured in order to use.
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Receiving calls with dialer profiles

RTB

As part of the PPP Link Control Protocol (LCP) link establishment process, RTB sends its username to Central2. Central2 learns that a host called RTB is calling in, and looks for a dialer profile that includes the dialer remotename RTB command. In this case, Central2 finds that interface Dialer2 is configured with the RTB hostname. Therefore, Central2 binds interface Dialer2 to BRI0 and the call continues.

Receiving calls with dialer profiles

RTB

While it is very common to configure dialer profiles with PPP and CHAP, it is not required.

Must match incoming CHAP name.

See curriculum for other options. To complete the call, the bind occurs and the physical interface is configured for PPP encapsulation and authentication (CHAP and PAP). The call will be disconnected if the CHAP or PAP name presented does not match what is configured in the dialer remote-name command on the dialer profile that was bound to the call.

Dialer Profile and an Incoming Call

Dialer Profile and an Outgoing Call

As discussed earlier, it actually resolves the address to the exit interface.

Dialer Profiles - outgoing

RTB(config)#interface dialer 0 RTB(config-if)#ip address 10.1.1.2 255.255.255.0 RTB(config-if)#dialer pool 1 RTB(config-if)#encapsulation ppp RTB(config-if)#ppp authentication chap RTB(config-if)#dialer remote-name RTA RTB(config-if)#dialer-group 5 RTB(config-if)#dialer string 5551234 RTB(config-if)#dialer string 5551235 RTB(config)#interface dialer 1 RTB(config-if)#ip address 172.16.0.2 255.255.255.0 RTB(config-if)#dialer pool 1 RTB(config-if)#encapsulation ppp RTB(config-if)#ppp authentication chap RTB(config-if)#ppp chap hostname JULIET RTB(config-if)#dialer remote-name ROMEO RTB(config-if)#dialer-group 5 RTB(config-if)#dialer string 5555678 RTB(config-if)#dialer string 5555679

Ping 10.1.1.1 Without a dialer map, which maps an IP to a phone number (dialer string), how does the router know which dialer interface to bind to the BRI?
Use interface dialer 0, its on the same subnet!

Dialer Profiles
Physical Interfaces
dialer pool-member pool-number priority When dialing out, if more than one interface is a member of the same dialer pool, the dialer interface will use whichever interface has the lowest priority value (which is the highest priority) will be tried first.

inter bri 0 dialer pool-member 10 2 (the winner!) inter bri 1 dialer pool-member 10 50 inter dialer 1 dialer pool 10
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Sample Config
enable password cisco username RTB password 0 cisco isdn switch-type basic-ni ! interface BRI0 no ip address no ip directed-broadcast encapsulation ppp dialer pool-member 1 isdn switch-type basic-ni isdn spid1 51055512340001 5551234 isdn spid2 51055512350001 5551235
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interface Dialer0 ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 encapsulation ppp dialer remote-name RTB dialer string 5554000 dialer string 5554001 dialer load-threshold 1 either dialer pool 1 dialer-group 1 ppp authentication chap ppp multilink ! ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 10.1.1.2 dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit

ppp authentication chap

Dialer Profiles

NOTE: Prior to IOS 12.0(7)T Because the binding of the physical interface to the dialer interface only happens after the incoming call has been identified, you must define the layer 2 encapsulation and authentication on both the physical interface and the dialer interface. The layer 2 encapsulations and authentications must match. IOS 12.0(7)T introduces Dynamic Multiple Encapsulations feature, only the layer 2 encapsulation and authentication on the dialer interface is used. Go to Ciscos web site for more information on this feature.

Verifying DDR configuration

The show dialer interface [BRI] command displays information in the same format as the legacy DDR statistics on incoming and outgoing calls. The message Dialer state is data link layer up suggests that the dialer came up properly and interface BRI 0/0:1 is bound to the profile dialer1.

Verifying DDR configuration

The show isdn active command displays information about the current active ISDN calls. In this output, the ISDN call is outgoing to a remote router named Seattle.
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Verifying DDR configuration

The show isdn status command displays information about the three layers of the BRI interface. In this output, ISDN Layer 1 is active, ISDN Layer 2 is established with SPID1 and SPID2 validated, and there is one active connection on Layer 3.
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Show interface bri and spoofing

DDR interfaces must spoof, that is, pretend to be up and up, so that they stay in the routing table.

By default, a router removes any routes point to down interfaces from its routing table

phoenix#show inter bri 0 BRI0 is up, line protocol is up (spoofing) Hardware is PQUICC BRI with U interface Internet address is 10.1.1.2/24 MTU 1500 bytes, BW 64 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255 Encapsulation PPP, loopback not set. . . . .

Troubleshooting the DDR configuration

The debug isdn q921 command is useful for viewing Layer 2 ISDN call setup exchanges 0x05 indicates a call setup message 0x02 indicates a call proceeding message 0x07 indicates a call connect message 0x0F indicates a connect acknowledgment (ack) message

Troubleshooting the DDR configuration

The debug isdn q931 command is useful for observing call setup exchanges for both outgoing and incoming calls.

Troubleshooting the DDR configuration

The debug isdn q931 command is useful for observing call setup exchanges for both outgoing and incoming calls.
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Troubleshooting the DDR configuration

The debug dialer [events | packets] command is useful for troubleshooting DDR connectivity. The debug dialer events command sends a message to the console indicating when a DDR link has connected and what traffic caused it to connect.
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Troubleshooting the DDR configuration

If a router is not connecting when it should, then it is possible that an ISDN problem is the cause, as opposed to a DDR problem. The remote router may be incorrectly configured, or there could be a problem with the ISDN carrier network. Use the isdn call interface command to force the local router to attempt to dial into the remote router. The clear interface bri command clears currently established connections on the interface and resets the interface with the ISDN switch. This command forces the router to renegotiate its SPIDs with the ISDN switch, and is sometimes necessary after making changes to the isdn spid1 and isdn spid2 commands on an interface.
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Summary
ISDN carries data, voice, and video ISDN uses standards for addressing, concepts, and signaling ISDN uses the physical and data-link layers Interfaces and reference points for ISDN Router configuration for ISDN Which traffic is allowed when configuring DDR Static routes for DDR The correct encapsulation type for DDR Access lists affecting DDR traffic Dialer interfaces

Q&A