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Chapter 2 Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

This document summarizes the key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells like bacteria are simpler and smaller, lacking a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Eukaryotic cells are larger and more complex, containing a nucleus and organelles like the mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus. Viruses are acellular organisms that infect cells and replicate inside them. Bacteria are prokaryotic cells that have a cell wall, and can be gram-positive or gram-negative. Fungi, protozoa and algae are all eukaryotic microorganisms that are discussed in comparison to bacteria.

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Mark Francis S. Rajas
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115 views13 pages

Chapter 2 Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

This document summarizes the key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells like bacteria are simpler and smaller, lacking a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Eukaryotic cells are larger and more complex, containing a nucleus and organelles like the mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus. Viruses are acellular organisms that infect cells and replicate inside them. Bacteria are prokaryotic cells that have a cell wall, and can be gram-positive or gram-negative. Fungi, protozoa and algae are all eukaryotic microorganisms that are discussed in comparison to bacteria.

Uploaded by

Mark Francis S. Rajas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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COLLEGE

MICROBIOLOGY &
PARASITOLOGY
CHAPTER 2
PROKARYOTIC and
EUKARYOTIC CELLS
PROKARYOTIC CELL

- are organism that do not posses a


true nucleus and membrane-
bound organelles. (e.g., bacteria ).
- Oldest, simplest and smaller cell
- It is unicellular
- Surrounded by plasma
membrane
EUKARYOTIC CELLS
-are organism are those that posses true
nucleus and membrane-bound
organelles.
-Eukaryotic cell have nucleus
-“Eu” means well in greek and
“ karyotes” means kernel or nut
-Organelles are small organ
HERE ARE SOME ORGANELLES
Nucleus- control center of the cell
Mitochondria- site of cellular
Endoplasmic reticulum- the factor of the
cells where protein are produced
Golgi apparatus- mail room of the cell
Lysosomes and peroxisome- the recycle
center of the cell
COMPARISON BETWEEN PROKARYOTES
and EUKARYOTES

- Oldest cell type - Evolved from


- Small and simple Prokaryotic
- Lack of nucleus - Larger and more
- Lack of complex
organelles - Contain nucleus
- Single celled - Contain organelles
- 1 to 10 - Multicellular
micrometer - 10 to 100 micrometer
MEDICALLY
IMPORTANT
MICROORGANISM
VIRUSES

- ARE ACELLULAR ORGANISM.


- THEIR OUTHER SURFACE IS
CALLED “CAPSID”, WHICH IS
COMPOSED OF REPEATING SUB-
UNITS CALLED “CAPSOMERES”
- MUCH SMALLER THAN CELL
- HAVE GENETIC MATERIAL
- LACK OF GENES & ENZYMES
BACTERIOPHAGES

- ARE A SPECIAL OF VIRUSES


THAT PRIMARILY INFECT
BACTERIA
1. They are obligate intracellular
parasites
2. They are similarly shaped like other
viruses
3. They may also classified based on
the type of nucleic acid they posses
(RNA & DNA).
BACTERIA

- ARE PROKARYOTIC ORGANISMS


THAT POSSES BOTH DNA AND RNA.
MOST POSSES A CELL WALL
COMPOSED PREDOMINANTLY OF
PEPTIDOGLYCAN
- CELL WALL WHICH PROTECTS
THE BACTERIA
- SOME BACTERIA HAVE EXTRA
LAYER ON TOP OF CELL WALL
CALLED CAPSULE
- BACTERIA HAVE 4 CATEGORIES
1. GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA
2. GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA
3. ACID-FAST BACTERIA WITH LIPID-
RICH CELL WALL
4. BACTERIA WITHOUT CELL WALL
FUNGI

- are eukaryotic organisms with a cell


wall composed mainly of chitin and cell
membrane that contains ergosterol
- Being eukaryotes, a typical fungal cell
contains a true nucleus, mitochondria
and a complex system of internal
membrane
- Fungal cell not have chloroplasts or
chlorophyll
- Plant cell and fungal cell have thick cell
wall but in fungi it is made of
polysaccharides called chitin and glucan
PROTOZOA

- THE REPRESENTATIVE FOR


PARASITE
- COME FROM THE GREEK WORD
“PRTOS” MEANING FIRST AND
“ZOION” MEANING “ANIMAL”
- OUTER LAYER CALLED
“PELLICLE”
- UNICELLULAR ORGANISM
DIVIDED TO BINARY FISSION,
SIMILAR TO BACTERIA
ALGAE

-ARE EUKARYOTIC, AQUATIC,


PLANT-LIKE ORGANISMS. SIMILAR
TO PLANTS ,THEY ARE
PHOTOSYNTHESIS BUT UNLIKE
PLANTS, THEY DO NOT HAVE TRUE
ROOTS, STEMS, OR LEAVES .
-HAVE CHLOROPHYLL
-CHLOROPHYLL PRESENT IN GREEN
PLANTS THAT GIVES THEM THEIR
COLOR
THANKYOU
FOR
LISTENING

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