IMPLANT SYSTEMS

GUIDE:
Dr.N.SUDHIR

PRESENTOR:
BHARATHI GUDAPATI
 What is an implant??
Any object or material, such as an alloplastic substance or other
tissue, which is partially or completely inserted or grafted into body for
therapeutic, diagnostic, prosthetic or experimental purposes
 What is a dental implant??

i. According to Charles M Weiss:

Can be defined as a substance that is placed into the jaw to support a
crown or fixed or removable denture

ii. According to Edward J Fredrickson:

A prosthetic device or alloplastic material implanted into oral tissues
beneath the mucosal or periosteal tissues and/or within the bone to
provide retention and support for fixed or removable prosthesis
Based on macroscopic body design of implant:
 Cylindrical dental implants
• In the form of cylinder
• Depends on coating or surface conditioning to provide microscopic
retension & bonding to bone
• pushed or tapped into prepared bone site
• Straight, tapered or conical

Threaded dental implants

• The surface is threaded, to increase surface area of implant
• This results in distribution of forces over greater peri-implant bone
volume

Perforated dental implants

• are made of inert micro porous membrane material
(mixture of cellulose acetate) in intimate contact with &
supported by layer of perforated metallic sheet material
(pure titanium)
Plateau dental implant
• Plateau shaped implant with sloping shoulder

Solid dental implant

• They are of circular cross section without vent or hollow in the body

Vented dental implant

• It is hydroxyapetite coated cylinder with patented vertical groove
connecting to apical vents designed to facilitate seating and allow
bone in growth to prevent rotation

Hollow dental implant

• Hollow design in apical portion
• Systematically arranged perforations along sides of
implant Increased anchoring surface
 IMPLANT
DESIGN
• Macroscopic Features:
Body Design
Thread geometry
Platform
Crest module and abutment
connection
Abutment

• Microscopic Features
implant materials
surface morphology
surface coatings
 Macroscopic Features
• Body Design

 subperiosteal frame-like
 transmandibular implants
 endosseous
• Bladelike
• Pins
• Root form implants
 cylindrical
 tapered screw shaped
 Endosseous implants
• Bladelike pins
Cortically fixed
Cylindrical
implant
tapered screw shaped implant
• Tapered screw implants can be :
 Two piece implant
 Single piece implant
 Submerged
 Non-submerged
 Solid
 Hollow
 Vented
 FORCES
• Understanding of the forces an
implant might endure is essential to Forces
the concepts of implant thread distribution
geometry
• Three main types of load an
implant may endure at the

e
favorabl
interface between the implant

unfavorable
surface and bone.
Tensile and Compressive
• These three forces are shear forces forces
compressive, tensile and shear
THREAD GEOMETRY
• Thread pitch refers to the distance from the
center of the thread to the center of the next
thread .

• 𝒑𝒊𝒕𝒄𝒉 = unit length

𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒅𝒔
• If implant length is the • Implants with more threads (i.e.
same, a smaller pitch smaller pitch) were found to have a
means there are a greater higher percentage of BIC and
amount of threads increase resistance to vertical forces
• The lead is the distance from the center of the
thread to the center of the same thread after
one turn.
• this could be the distance the implant would
advance if it was advanced one turn
• implant could have a single ,double or triple
thread design in which two or three
threads run parallel to each other
• maintain a high level of resistance to vertical
forces and level of BIC at the same time as
allowing for increased speed of implant
insertion.
• Thread depth the distance from the tip of the
thread to the body of the implant
• A shallow thread will be easier to insert into
dense bone
• A deep thread will allow for much greater primary
stability specifically for situations such as soft bone
or immediate implant sites
• Thread width is the distance in the same axial
plane between the coronal most and the
apical most part, at the tip of a single thread.
• THREAD SHAPES
 CREST
MODULE
It is a major determinant for the overall implant design,
because it has:
I. -Surgical influence
II. -Bacterial plaque concern
III. -Biological width influence
IV. -Loading profile consideration
V. -Prosthetic influence
 IV- Prosthetic attachment design influence of
crest module
Internal hex:
Implant lower in profile

Easier to cover with ST

during surgery

Antirotational feature is
deeper within body.
EXTERNAL HEX:

Threads are placed more

crestally.

Outer wall of implant is thicker

because screw is smaller in
diameter
 DESIGN OF APICAL REGION OF
IMPLANTS
Apical taper allows for:
Ease of placement during
surgery because it does not
contact the osteotomy walls
upon placement.

Avoidance of divergent
adjacent tooth roots
c)Based on surface of implant:
Smooth surface
•implant
Has very smooth surface
• Surface is smoothened to prevent microbial plaque
retention

Machined surface implant

• Surface of implant is machined for better anchorage
of implant to bone

Textured surface implant

• Have increased rough surface area to which bone
can bond

Coated surface implant

• Implant is covered with porous coating such as
titanium & hydroxyapatite
 d) According to loading:
• Immediate(<2weeks)
• Early(2weeks -2mts)
• Delayed (>3mts)

• e) According to method of placement:

• Tapping system
• Threading system
b) Depending on the materials used :
Based on the materials used, the implants can be classified into –
i. Metallic implants – Titanium, Titanium alloy, Cobalt
Chromium Molybdenum alloy

ii. Non- metallic implants – Ceramics, Carbon etc.

 implant materials
1. METALS AND ALLOYS
2. CERAMICS
3. POLY-ETHER-ETHER-KETONE (PEEK)
4. TITANIUM IMPLANTS
5. ZIRCONIA IMPLANTS-ZIRCONIA TOUGHENED ALUMINA (ZTA) AND ALUMINA TOUGHENED ZIRCONIA (AZT)
6. TANTALUM IMPLANTS
7. TRANSITIONAL IMPLANTS
8. ONE-PIECE IMPLANTS
9. TAPERED IMPLANTS & GROOVY IMPLANTS
10. SHORT LENGTH IMPLANTS
11. MINI IMPLANTS
12. PTERYGOID IMPLANTS
13. ZYGOMATIC IMPLANTS
14. LIGAPLANT
NEWER IMPLANTS
 • TRANSITIONAL
IMPLANTS

Transitional implant are fabricated with pure titanium in a

single body with treated surface. Their diameter ranges from
1.8 to 2.8 mm and length ranges from 7 to 14 mm.

There primary function is to absorb masticatory stress during

the healing phase, ensuring stress free maturation of bone
around the submerged implants and allowing them to heal
uneventfully.

Contraindications:
(a) Depth of supporting bone is less than 10 mm with an
insufficient cortical bone to provide implant stabilization.
(b) Patients with excessive bruxism.
(c) Should be placed 1.5–2.5 mm from definitive implants to
avoid interference on osseointegration.
 ONE-PIECE IMPLANTS
Abutment and implant body in one piece and not separate; they are
commercially available in 3 mm diameter and 12, 15, and 18 mm
length.
They have unique properties such as:
(a) maximum strength – minimum profile.
(b) Minimal surgery – maximum esthetics.

Indications
The long-term treatment of missing maxillary laterals and mandibular
incisors, for treatment of spaces that cannot be handled with larger
two-piece implants also used for over dentures.
 TAPERED IMPLANTS & GROOVY IMPLANTS

These implants offer in one body geometry, parallel

walled with a diminishing thread depth toward the apical
of the implant and secondary groove underneath each
thread to enhance the initial stability.

Cutting flutes incorporated at the apex of the implant give

this implant design self-tapping capability. Dehiscence and
fenestration is reduced.
 SHORT LENGTH IMPLANTS

Length – 7mm or less.

In patients with reduced alveolar height short
implants are preferred as to avoid more invasive
surgical procedure and thus overall hospitalization
and cost of treatment.

ADVANTAGES : less pain , cost , time to restore

the implant
Simplified bone surgery
Implant insertion easier.
 MINI-IMPLANTS

Also called as small diameter implants or narrow

diameter implants.

These are available in lengths of 6, 8, 10, 13, 15,

and 18 mm and are inserted directly through the
overlying gingiva and into the bone beneath, there is
no need to surgically cut and raise the overlying flap.

A single minimally invasive surgery is needed for

insertion of MDI. Immediate loading can be done
due to their self-tapping design. Do not require
osteotomy.
 PTERYGOID IMPLANTS

Pterygoid implants have the advantage of allowing anchorage in the

posterior atrophied maxilla, eliminating the need of sinus lifts or bone
grafts. In addition posterior cantilever can be eliminated and axial loading
is improved.

These implants can be placed in two different locations such as pterygoid

process or in a most anterior position, the pterygomaxillary process.

Shorter implants are generally placed in the pterygomaxillary region with

angulations of 10–20 to simulate the proper angulations of the third molar.

On the other hand, the longer implants are anchored to the pterygoid plate
of sphenoid bone.
 ZYGOMATIC IMPLANTS

In situations like unsuitable condition in posterior

maxilla for implant insertion specific implants like
zygomaticus fixture were developed as a solution.

There are 8 different lengths, ranging from 30 to 52.5

mm and 45 degree angulated head to compensate for
the angulation between the zygoma and the maxilla.
 LIGAPLANT
This technology is nothing but combination of the PDL cells
with implant biomaterial. Ligaplants has certain properties like:

1. PDL cells act as a soft, richly vascular, and cellular

connective tissue which permits forces elicited during
masticatory function and other contact movements to be
distributed to the alveolar process via alveolar bone proper.

2. It act as a, shock absorber giving the tooth some movement in

the socket.

3. It provides proprioception.
 SURFACE MODIFICATIONS

Three general techniques used to modify surfaces:

- Add material,
- Remove material
- Change the material already present.
 Additio
Removal
n
• Thick coatings - sol-gel and plasma-spraying
• Glow discharge treatment

• Thin film coatings (sub-micron) - vapor deposition

techniques, where the coating material condenses onto a • Sputter-etching.
surface from a vapor.

• The three basic vapor deposition techniques are:

i. evaporation,
ii. sputtering and
iii. chemical vapor deposition.
 Surface modification for
metallic implants
• These treatments include passivation, anodization, ion
implantation, and texturing.
 PASSIVATI
ON
• Purpose: enhancing the oxide layer present and creating a surface
less likely to break down and release metallic ions in service.

• Passivation of a surface with the action of an electric current is

known as ANODIZATION….resulting in much thicker oxide layers…..

• IMPORTANT for highly roughened surfaces, since the increased

surface area has the potential for greater release of metallic ions
into the surrounding tissue.
• Surface texturing of an implant is done to increase the
surface area and provide a greater potential for
interlocking with bone.

• Blasting with aluminum oxide or other ceramic

particulate materials, plasma spraying with titanium
and acid etching.

• Recently, a resorbable ceramic-blasting material has

been developed…….
 Surface enhancers
• Bioactive surface coating
• Plasma spray- titanium
hydroxyapatite
• Sand blasted
• Acid etched
 LASER -LOK
• Laser-Lok is a series of precision –engineered cell-sized
channels laser-machined onto the surface of dental
implants and abutments.
• Physical, connective tissue attachment
 Implant Abutments

Implant Abutment is that portion of a dental implant that serves to support

and/or retain prosthesis.

Abutments are usually separate from the implant, but in some cases they
may form as a part of the implant itself.

Also, not all implant restorations require abutments. In such cases, the
crown is fabricated to be attached directly to the implant platform.

The abutment provides the retention, support, stability and optimal position
for the final restoration.
 The abutment can be classify to
 Stock abutment Engaging and Non Engaging Abutments
 Straight • Anatomical
• Prepable
 Angled
 Multi-unit
 Customized abutment
 ULCA abutmnet
 CAD\CAM abutmnet
 Attachment abutment
 ANGULATED ABUTMENT
An abutment whose body is not parallel to the long axis of the implant.
It is utilized when the implant is at a different inclination in relation to
the proposed prosthesis.

NEED FOR ANGULATED ABUTMENTS

Although, ideally the implants should be aligned vertically with the axial
forces, and placed parallel to each other and the adjacent teeth, situations
may arise where there is a difference between the planned long axis of
the implant and the long axis of the planned prosthetic tooth.

Besides, angulated abutments facilitate implant placement with greater

width and height, avoids surgical intervention, reduces treatment time,
reduces cost and allows greater number of patients to be treated, who
otherwise cannot be treated using the conventional technique.
 UNIVERSAL CLEARANCE LIMITED ABUTMENTS (UCLA)

UCLA abutments are stock parts and are made of a

gold/palladium alloy interface with a plastic chimney.
They can be used to make traditional screw-retained PFM
(porcelain fused to metal) or FCG (full cast gold) crowns
as well as custom abutments.

Even though they are stock parts, they are often regarded
as custom abutments since they aren’t prosthetically useful
until they are customized by the lab.
 MULTI-UNIT ABUTMENTS (MUA)
Multi-unit abutments (MUA) are specialized abutments that are commonly used in coordination
with zygomatic dental implants, as well as full arch replacements, which are also known as all-
on-four dental implants. 

MUA are available in a variety of sizes and angulations. Their size will be dependent on the type
of dental implant being used.
The most common angulations used for MUA are 0°, 17°, 30°, and 45°, however speciality sizes
such as 52.5° and 60° are also available in some cases.

• INDICATIONS : Slight misalignments

Height disparities. 
 (A) Straight abutment with short gingival collar.
(B) Straight abutment with long gingival collar
(C) Straight abutment with long gold-hued gingival collar
(D) Long straight abutment for long crown height.
(E) Angled abutment
(F) Anatomical (aesthetic collar) abutment
(G) Angled abutment with gold-hued aesthetic collar.
(H and I) Plastic (cast able) abutments (straight and angled)
(J) Temporary abutment
(K) Zirconium abutment
(L) TCT abutment
(M) Ball abutment
(N) Angled ball abutment
(O) Non-engaging abutment.
(P) UCLA abutment.
(Q) Connection screw
 Implant-Abutment connection

The implant abutment interface determines joint strength, stability, and lateral and rotational
stability.
 External
connection

Internal
connection

Morse
taper
connection
 External Connection
The external connection has served well over the years and it has been
incorporated in a number of systems. This design offers a great variety of
restorative options due to the interchangeability of abutments among the
manufacturers.

Branemark’s original implant-abutment interface was a 0.7 mm external hexagon

which served the purpose of coupling and acted as a torque transfer device.

This design had several drawbacks owing to limited height which makes it
ineffective when excessive off axial load was applied.
Antirotational features incorporated in the design prevent undesirable
movement of their overlying abutments.
 Tapered External Hexagon
By creating a tapered interface, the mating
hexes interdigitate with frictional fit for
added accuracy in transfer procedure and
provides increased stability in function.

External Octagon
This is an eight-sided external implant
abutment interface which allows for 45°
rotation of the abutment. Since, the
octagonal geometry resembles a circle, it
offers very little rotational resistance.
 Spline Connection
Splines are fin-to-groove antirotational
configurations with a long and successful
history in engineering.

Developed by Calcitek, in the year 1992,

consisting of six spline teeth which projects
outward from the body of implant and fit into
six corresponding grooves of the abutment.
 Internal Connection
The internal hex design allows implant cover screw to be
held in level with the top of the fixture at stage one surgery
when compared to the external hex design, which is
required to hold the cover screw that seat slightly above the
level of the fixture.

Six-point Internal Hexagon

Due to hexagonal geometry, abutment can fit over the
implant fixture at every 60° angulation—thus allowing six
different positions. This design has proved to distribute
forces deep within the implant effectively and, hence,
improves the joint stability
 Twelve-point Hexagon
The 12-point hexagon design is also marketed by several manufacturers
since it allows for more options for abutment placement over the fixture. It
allows placing the abutment on implant for every 30° angulation.
A study conducted by Tang et al showed that 12-point double hexagon
connection had better stress distribution and produced smaller displacement
compared to other designs.

Three-point Internal Tripod

This connection represents triangular internal geometry with
trichannel design.
Major disadvantage of this design is that it allows for
positioning of the abutment on fixture only at every 120°.
Hence, it is not a very preferred design because of limited
options of placement.
 Internal Octagon
This connection represents an eight-sided internal
geometry and allows for positioning of abutment at every
45°. Because of geometric similarity to a circle, it offers
minimal rotational and lateral resistance during the
function.

Morse Taper
It is a tapered projection from implant abutment that fits
into a corresponding tapered recess in the implant, as
proposed by Sutter et al leading to the friction fit and cold
welding at the interface.
The taper interface prevents abutment tilting by resisting
lateral loading.
Advances in commercially available implant

• Biohorizon

• Nobel biocare

• Astra tech

• Straumann
 1. NOBEL BIOCARE
A. THE NOBEL PERFECT

Unique in regard to aesthetics; it is the first implant

that replicates natural anatomy with a scalloped
design.

This design supports the interproximal bone ridge,

encourage soft tissue attachment and make natural soft
tissue contours possible with implants, thus a
complete elimination of’ black triangles.
 B. NOBEL ACTIVE

Unique design features:

• The reverse cutting flutes and their unique
drilling blades enable the clinician greater
flexibility during positioning.
• immediate functioning of the implant.
• Its design at the top of the implant (back-tapered)
encourages the maximum amount of bone and
gum formation, leading to better optimal
aesthetics with a more realistic emergence
profile.
 C. NOBEL PARALLEL CONICAL CONNECTION

• There are also a variety of innovative restorative solutions

available such as cement-free angulated screw channels for
crowns making these concepts an excellent choice for
universal use.
• This system can cater to most cases with various types of
bone qualities and various indications where the position in
the mouth may be less than ideal.
• immediate loading
• limited invasion of the bone and bicortical anchorage.
• The osseointegration process enhances with the innovative
oxidized TiUnite surface.
D. NOBEL REPLACE CONICAL CONNECTION AND NOBEL
REPLACE TAPERED

A unique platform shifting feature provides a

small ridge that encourages soft tissue growth,
increasing its volume.

This is a particular benefit of this type of implant

since it can also be used in cases that require an
emergence profile that is realistic looking.
 E. NOBEL SPEEDY
• NobelSpeedy offers a wide range of options to
choose from in various diameters and lengths,
including narrow, extra-long and extra short.

• This system is mainly a great choice when the

bone is soft. The specific design at the apex of
the implant is handy for the limited invasion of
the bone and the bicortical anchorage.

• All-on-Four treatment concept

• fixed full-arch options.

 2. STRAUMANN
A. STRAUMANN BONE LEVEL IMPLANT LINE

• Treatment success
• Biology
• Handling
• Evidence
B. STRAUMANN® BLX IMPLANT SYSTEM

• Dynamic Bone Management

• Esthetic Ease Concept

• Beyond Immediacy

• Real Confidence
C. THE STRAUMANN PURE CERAMIC IMPLANT SYSTEM

• Esthetics
• Quality
• Surface
• Flexibility
• Metal-free
 3. ZIMMER BIOMET

The implant mid-section is fabricated from

the company’s proprietary trabecular metal
material which offers 80 percent porosity
which enhances osseoincorporation along
with bone ongrowth and ingrowth,
according to a press release.

With the new 3.7 mm diameter, there are

now Trabecular Metal Implants for use in
all areas of the mouth.
 Tapered Screw-Vent (TSV) Implant
MTX Surface for Ongrowth

The MTX Microtextured Surface has been documented to achieve

high levels of bone-to-implant contact or ongrowth.

High Osteoconductive Potential

Zimmer Biomet’s MP-1® HA coating with up to 97% crystalline
HA content is significantly higher than other commercial HA
coatings.

Platform Plus™ Technology

The proprietary internal hex connection, utilized with Zimmer
Biomet Dental’s friction-fit abutments, has been documented to
shield crestal bone from concentrated occlusal forces.
 4. BIOHORIZONS
The success of tooth replacement with dental implants
depends on a solid connection between the implant and
your jaw.

To maximize this connection, we use BioHorizons dental

implants.

Implants made by BioHorizons have a uniquely

engineered thread design that allows them to achieve
initial stability.

That enhanced stability allows you the opportunity to get

new teeth the same day your implants are placed.
BioHorizons implants have a proprietary technology called
Laser-Lok at the gum line area, which is truly a remarkable
innovation.

Laser-Lok is a series of cell-sized microchannels that are

precisely carved around the upper implant surface with a
laser.

While virtually all implants on the market have a roughened

surface to promote attachment of bone cells, only Laser-Lok
channels are optimally sized to attach both bone
cells and gum cells.

The stability this creates is unmatched and is thought to

provide the best environment to resist future gum recession.
 5. BICON

Bicon’s unique plateau design follows sound

bioengineering principles which allow for the use of short
implants. Its unique bacterially-sealed, locking taper,
implant to abutment connection provides for 360° of
universal abutment positioning — offering restorative
flexibility unmatched by other dental implant systems.

 The sloping shoulder of the Bicon implant consistently

provides for gingivally aesthetic restorations, which are
easily achieved because the bone that is maintained over
the shoulder of the implant provides support for the
interdental papillae.
Natural Progression Of Bicon’s Design Philosophy:
 6. ASTRA TECH IMPLANTS
A fluoride-modified nanostructure surface
technology that encourages early bone
regeneration and bonding to the implant surface.

A micro-thread at the implant’s neck has been

proven to establish an optimal load distribution
and stable stress values.

A tapered apex of the implant enables this

system to be suitable for cases where there is
softer bone and under-preparation is required.
Ease of use:
This system has minimal components but maximum flexibility of service.
single-stage or two-staged implant treatment.
The components can be used for immediate loading cases
Screw-retained, or cement-retained or attachment-retained prosthesis.

Simple treatment planning:

There are only three sizes with one implant-abutment connection. These, too, are color coded.
Single-use Patent drills mean no cleaning or sterilization stages, and they are always sharp to
use. This makes this system very clinically safe and easy management for the entire team.

Colour coded system:

All components, including the impression pins, are colour coded to match the chosen implant, so
treatment with Astra Tech implants are made very simple.
 SIMPLANT

Steps in using SIMPLANT

software

•Step 1 The scan

• Connect to the Dental Planit button in your
SimPlant GO software to start a case.
• A radiolucent bite index used to stabilize jaws at
the time of scanning.
• Create an open bite with no overlap in the
horizontal plane.
 Steps in using SIMPLANT
software
Step 1
The scan
• Digital information on the desired tooth-
setup is obtained via the wax-up
created on the plaster model.
• When your patient has been scanned,
your image conversion provider takes an
optical scan of the plaster model and
wax-up and integrates them with the
scanning images.
 Steps in using SIMPLANT
software
• The image conversion saves you valuable
time and ensures that the CT images are
easy to read.
• Exact tooth information – no scatter
artefacts.
• Desired tooth setup – via the plaster model
wax-up (optional).
• Soft tissue information – be able to
measure mucosa thickness.
• Indication of the alveolar nerve –result is
EASY verification.
• Exact sinus information – 3D
representations included.
 Steps in using SIMPLANT
software
• Step 2
• The planning in SimPlant®
• SimPlant file.

• 3D representations of
patient’s anatomy, alveolar
nerve, sinuses, plaster model
and desired tooth setup.

• Plan and communicate

 Steps in using SIMPLANT
software
• Step 3
• The SurgiGuide®online order

• The high resolution optical scan of the

plaster model in SimPlant is used to
design a perfectly fitting SurgiGuide.

• Specialized design team reviews and

designs a custom made SurgiGuide
which is fabricated with high precision
3D printing process.
 Steps in using SIMPLANT
software
• Step 4
• Surgery

• SurgiGuide is delivered
with the drilling and
installation protocol.

• Disinfect the SurgiGuide

before surgery
 CAD/CAM in implant dentistry
• Uses
• Used in designing of prosthesis
• Used in milling /fabrication of prosthesis(framework)
• For milling of abutments.

• Advantages:
• Superior fit
• Less degree of rotational freedom so more accurate implant
abutment connection.
 CAD/ Provider Implant restoration Restoration
CAM type material
system

Procera Nobel Abutments Titanium

Biocare Fixed partial denture Alumina Zirconia
frameworks Milled bars

Atlantis Astra Abutments Titanium

Tech Titanium with gold coating Zirconia

Encode Biomet 3i Abutments Titanium

Titanium with gold coating

CAM Biomet 3i Milled bars Titanium

StructSURE

CARES Straumann Abutments Titanium

Zirconia

Etkon Straumann Frameworks Zirconia

Abutments Titanium

BioCad BioCad Abutments Titanium

Medical Milled bars
 CAD/CAM Custom Implant Abutment
Systems
• The Procera system (Nobel
Biocare) :
• Custom abutments in titanium,
alumina, and zirconia.
• A master cast is developed after
making an implant-level
impression.
• Scanned and the custom abutment
is
designed by a 3d cad pro-
• A machined base cylinder is screwed to the implant analog and the
abutment is waxed up.
• The pattern is then removed from the master cast and scanned by
the Procera scanner.
• The design is sent to the production facility for the abutment
fabrication.
• The abutment can be further digitized, and finally a titanium or
ceramic coping is produced using the same system.
• The Etkon system can
produce frameworks up to16
units from a variety of
materials, such as zirconia
and titanium.
The SKY implant system provides a solution for all
clinical indications.

•Seven implant lines – one instrument kit

•The right implant for every bone situation
•SKY osseo connect surface
•Maximum primary stability
•Platform switch
•High precision German manufactured
The whiteSKY implant…

•ensures perfect results will be achieved even in

cases of low gingiva height – lasting satisfaction of
your patients with whiteSKY implants is ensured

•provides a reliable alternative for patients who

have developed allergies to metals – the absence of
metals protects your patients against undesired
negative reactions

•is a one-piece design so it is always suitable for

immediate loading, i.e. the same requirements as
those for an immediately loaded titanium implant
need to be fulfilled such as sufficient bone volume,
adequate primary stability and connecting to
adjacent teeth or to other whiteSKY implants.

•is made of zirconia which is perfectly suited for

implant since it features a strength that is three
times higher than that of titanium, exhibits ideal
elasticity and long-term resistance to fracture.

Scientific studies have showed that it features the same characteristics as

 CONCLUSION

-The implant design is responsible for transmission of load from

prosthesis to bone.

-Clinicians should choose implants based on scientific data

-This is especially important when force factors are greater than usual,
bone density is poor, clinical condition requires a smaller size implant.
 REFERENCES

• Implant Surface Designs: An Overview Reeta Jain1,*, Rohit Mittal2,

Gyanchand3, Surbhi Gupta4
• Atlas of oral Implantology
• Contemporary implant dentistry –Carl.E.Misch
• Prosthodontic treatment for edentulous patients-complete dentures
& implant supported prosthesis- Zarb -Bolender