GEOLOGICAL

PROCESSES AND
HAZARDS
Republic Act 10121
• Also known as Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
Act of 2010. The act strengthens the Philippines’ Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management System by providing a framework and
institutionalizing the national risk reduction and management plan as
well as appropriating funds.
• There are important terms that are defined in RA 10121. These are,
among others, the following:
• 1. Disaster – a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or
a society involving community security to cape using its own
resources.
• 2. Disaster Mitigation – the lessening or limitation of adverse effects
of hazards and related disasters.
• 3. Disaster Preparedness – is the knowledge and capabilities needed
by institution and individual to anticipate and respond to and recover
to the impacts of the hazards.
• 4. Disaster Response – the provision of services and assistance during
and immediately after a disaster. It is short-term relief.
• 5.Hazard – a dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or
condition that may cause loss of life, injuring or other health impacts,
property damage, loss of livelihood and services, social and economic
disruption, or environmental damage.
• 6. Rehabilitation – ensures that the affected community will be able
to restore their normal functioning ability.
• 7. Risk – is the combination of the probability of an event and its
negative consequences.
• 8. Risk Management – is the systematic approach and practice of
managing uncertainly to minimize potential harm and loss.
• 9. Vulnerability – the characteristics and circumstances of a
community, system or asses that make it susceptible to the damaging
effects of a hazard.
National Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Plan (NDRRMP)
• NDRRMP aims to strengthen the capability of both national and local
government with partner stakeholders on how to build disaster
resilient communities.
NATURAL HAZARDS
• Naturally hazards are potentially damaging natural phenomenon that
may occur within specific period of time in a given area that may
cause danger to people, structures or economic assets and which may
lead to a disaster.
• Kinds of Natural Hazards
• Geological Hazards
• Hydrometeorological Hazards
Geological Hazards
1. Earthquake
• Refers to the sudden movement or
vibration of Earth caused by the
release of energy in rocks.
Earthquake may be described in
terms of its magnitude and intensity.
• Magnitude – proportional to the
energy released by an earthquake at
the focus. It is represented by Arabic
Numbers (e.g. 4.8, 9.0)
• Intensity – the severity of an
earthquake in terms of its effects on
the earth’s surface and on humans
and their structures. It is represented
by Roman Numerals (e.g. II, IV, IX)
2. Volcanic Eruptions
• Volcanic eruption refers to the release of gases (water, carbon dioxide, carbon
monoxide, and sulfur dioxide), liquids (lava), and solid (pyroclastic, ash, and
dust) from the volcano’s vent. Volcanic eruptions may cause loss of lives,
damage to agriculture and properties, and climate change.
3. Tsunamis
• Tsunamis are enormous waves generated by seabed disturbance such as
earthquake and tsunami originates, waves travel outward, the large waves of
tsunamis are preceded by the lowering of the tower level resembling low
tides. As the wave approaches the shore it builds in height. All tsunamis are
dangerous. They can stroke along coastline. Drowning is the most common
cause of death associated with tsunami. Other hazards include flooding,
destruction of homes or buildings, contamination of drinking water, and fires
due to gas leaks.
4. Landslides
• a sudden, fast movement of cohesive mass of soil, rocks, or regolith.
Landslide caused death and damage to property by burying the place. It also
changes the landscape,
Hydrometeorological Hazards
• Naturally occurring events of atmosphere and hydrological nature
have negative effects on people and environment. The events called
Hydrometeorological phenomena, like typhoons and tornadoes can
lead to flooding and accelerate coastal erosion.
Monsoon, Tropical Cyclone and Tornado
• Monsoon is a seasonal reversal of wind. The monsoon winds include
southwest monsoon referred to as “Habagat” and northeast monsoon
called “Amihan”.
• Habagat – characterized by hot and humid weather with frequent
rainfall. It usually starts in May and ends in October.
• Amihan – characterized by moderate temperature with little to no
rainfall. It is experienced as cool northeast wind drawing cold dry air
from Siberia. It usually start in November and ends in February.
• Cyclones are names for storms that form in the Indian Ocean and
South West Pacific.
• Typhoons form in the North West Pacific while hurricane form in the
Atlantic.
• Tropical Cyclone is usually referred to as “bagyo” in the Philippines.
• Tornado (locally known as ipo-ipo) is a whirling coned-shaped cloud.
It develops in low heavy cumulonimbus clouds.