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Eigen Value Problem - MDOF Free Vibration

This document discusses the eigen value problem and free vibration analysis of a 3 degree of freedom physical system. It provides the mass and stiffness matrices for the system based on given physical parameters. It then derives the governing differential equation and solves it to obtain the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the system. Key steps include forming the eigenvalue problem from the differential equations of motion, solving for the eigenvalues which are the natural frequencies, and obtaining the eigenvectors which represent the mode shapes. Three natural frequencies and corresponding mode shapes are obtained for this 3 degree of freedom system as solutions to the eigenvalue problem.

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bhupender ghosliya
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73 views

Eigen Value Problem - MDOF Free Vibration

This document discusses the eigen value problem and free vibration analysis of a 3 degree of freedom physical system. It provides the mass and stiffness matrices for the system based on given physical parameters. It then derives the governing differential equation and solves it to obtain the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the system. Key steps include forming the eigenvalue problem from the differential equations of motion, solving for the eigenvalues which are the natural frequencies, and obtaining the eigenvectors which represent the mode shapes. Three natural frequencies and corresponding mode shapes are obtained for this 3 degree of freedom system as solutions to the eigenvalue problem.

Uploaded by

bhupender ghosliya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Eigen Value Problem: Preamble and explanation

with a physical problem

By
Prof. Sekhar Chandra Dutta
Department of Civil Engineering
IIT(ISM) Dhanbad
Eigen Value Problem: Free Vibration

5×105 kg
3 3
3.0X109 N/m k3 = 3.0X109 N/m
8X105 kg m3 = 5X105 kg

2 2
4.0X109 N/m
8X105 kg k2 = 4.0X109 N/m m2 = 8X105 kg
1 1
k1 = 4.2X109 N/m
4.2X109 N/m m1 = 8X105 kg
Formation of Mass and Stiffness Matrix :

Mass Matrix : Any (i, j)th element of mass matrix can be denoted by mij.

mij = force required to be applied at ith degree of freedom to


create unit acceleration at jth degree of freedom and zero
acceleration at all other degrees of freedom

3  m1 0 0
 0 
m3 Mass matrix = m    0 m2
 0 0 m 3 

m2

m1
Calculation of stiffness for column:
n number of columns in the storey

Deformed shape
Δ 12 EI
l3 12 EI
6 EI Stiffness of each column =
l2
l3

6 EI Total stiffness of n number of


l2 12 EI
12 EI
l3 columns = n  3
l
Stiffness Matrix:
Any (i, j)th element of stiffness matrix can be denoted kij.
kij = force required to be applied at ith degree of freedom to create unit
displacement at jth degree of freedom and zero displacement in all other degrees
of freedom
 k11 k12 k13 
 
Stiffness matrix : k   k 21 k 22 k 23 
 k31 k32 k33 

0 k3 k3
k3
k3
k2 k2 + k3 k3
k2 k2

k 1 + k2 k2 0
k1

Deformed configuration Deformed configuration Deformed configuration


for 1st column of for 2nd column of for 3rd column of
stiffness matrix stiffness matrix stiffness matrix
k1  k 2  k 2 0 
Stiffness matrix : k     k 2 k 2  k3  k3 
 
 0  k3 k3 
Governing differential equation for free vibration
..
m{x}  k {x}  {0}

where {x} = displacement vector

x1 
 
=x 2 
x 
 3

Number of natural frequencies/eigen values = Number of degrees of freedom.


Mode Shape :
Mode shape physically implies a vibratory motion in which the motion
of all the coordinates or the degrees of freedom are time dependant and the
ratio between any two coordinates remains constant

 x1 (t )   u1 f (t )   u1 
     u  f (t )  u f (t )
x (t
 2   2)  u f (t )   2
 x (t )  u f (t )  u 
 3   3   3

For general vibration:

 x1 (t )  u11  u12  u13 


       
 x2 (t )  u21  f1 (t )  u22  f 2 (t )  u23  f 3 (t )
 x (t )  u  u  u 
 3   31   32   33 
Substituting the value of in the equation of free vibration
..
mu f (t )  k uf (t )  0

m1 0 0   u1 
..
 k11 k12 k13   u1  0
0      
Or, m2 0  u 2  f (t )  k 21 k 22 k 23  u 2  f (t )  0
   
 0 0  
m3  u3  k 31 k 32 k 33  u3  0
 

Expanding the 1st row


..
m1u1 f (t ) (k11u1  k12u 2  k13u3 ) f (t )  0
..
f (t ) ( k11u1  k12u 2  k13u3 )
Or,   
f (t ) m1u1
..
Or, f (t )  f (t )
Substituting the above value of in the free vibration equation

 muf (t )  k u f (t )  0

Or, (k    m)u f (t )  0

As the system is a vibrating system we are interested to get the


non-trivial solution of the above equation

(k    m)u  0

 k    2 m  0

Where,  2
Or,

k11  m  2 k12 k13   u  0


 1  1  
2 
 k 21 k 22  m  k23  u2  f (t )  0
2
 
2 u3  0
 k31 k32 k 33  m  
3 
 
According to the given problem

8  105 0 0 
 
Mass Matrix, m   0 8  105 0  kg
 0 0 5  105 
 

 8.2  109  4.0  109 0 


 9  N/m
Stiffness matrix, k    4.0  109 7.0  109  3.0  10 
 0  3.0  109 3.0  109 
 
Now,
k    2 m  0

Putting the values of the parameters,


rad/sec rad/sec rad/sec
0.44 0.79  1.48 

u1 0.79


u2 0.35 u3 1.61
 1.0   1.0   1.0 
     

0.44  0.79 1.48 


Modal matrix: u   0.79  0.35  1.61
 1.0 1.0 1.0 

Observations of Mode Shapes :


1) Any ith mode shape has in general (i-1) zero crossing.

2) If the structure is excited with ith natural frequency i.e.


ωi , the structure will vibrate maintaining the ith mode shape.

3) A lower mode shape will require lower strain energy


for deformation. So a lower mode may
easily be excited.
Explanation of the Concept of Mode Shape :
For a three degrees of freedom system let the natural frequencies be ω 1 , ω 2 , ω 3.

 "  '

  "  '


'''
"""
"   '

Vib. frequency =  Vib. frequency =  Vib. frequency = 

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