SESSION

“Session 7 FORMS AND

7 FUNCTIONS OF SOCIAL
ORGANIZATIONS”
Content standard
 Learners demonstrate an understanding of how individuals should behave as part of a political
community
MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCY
 Analyze the forms and functions of social organizations
Learning Target/s:
1. understand the meaning of social groups;
2. examine the sociological perspectives about social groups;
3. differentiate the various forms of social groups;
4. analyze the functions of social groups;
5. determine your social groups.

Core Values:
 Obedience
 Respecting others
 Determination
 Reflection
PREPARATORY: DO YOU STILL REMEMBER?
Directions: To test your understanding of the previous lesson, analyze the following situations. Put a if the
situation exemplifies a good member o / f society and an if not. Explain X your answer.

1. Scholars of the University of the Philippines developed coronavirus test kits.

2. Sen. Manny Pacquiao donated protective masks to the Philippine National Police and five buses to
MMDA for the free rides of healthcare workers.
3. Sen. Aquilino “Koko” Pimentel III, who had tested positive for COVID-19, visited Makati Medical
Center despite strict home quarantine protocols.
4. A man posted on twitter that he would give a reward of 50 million pesos to anyone who would kill the
President.
5. Angel Locsin, with her team, set-up and donated tents for COVID-19 patients in 135 hospitals.
ENGAGE: WHAT I KNOW
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer.
1. Anna enjoys doing things with her family. Every Sunday, they go to church and eat in their favorite fast
food restaurant after the church service. In what social group does her family belong?
A. Network B. Primary Group C. Reference Group D. Secondary Group
2. Florante and Johnson joined Tagisan ng Talino at Katha, a quiz bee contest. They placed second among all
the contestants. Some of the contestants who belonged to their ___________ congratulated them.
A. In-group B. Network C. Out-group D. Reference group
3. Kim has just transferred in his new school. He meets new friends, Leo and Mark. They like spending their
free time in the library. Soon they become good friends. In what social group do his friends in school
belong?
A. Network B. Primary Group C. Reference Group D. Secondary Group
4. Gilas Pilipinas represented the Philippines in the SEA Games Basketball Tournament. They completed
against other basketball teams from South East Asian countries. Their opponent teams are considered
___________.
A. In-group B. Network C. Out-group D. Reference group
5. Sexbomb Girls popularized some novelty songs and dances. Children nowadays still idolize them. This is an
example of ___________.
A. Network B. Primary Group C. Reference Group D. Secondary Group
ENGAGE: INTROSPECT IT
Directions: Read and reflect on the short essay.
Man as a Social Animal
By Ma. Teresa B. Berondo
“Man is by nature a social animal.” This is a famous line by Aristotle,
a well-known ancient philosopher. What does it mean? Do we take its
meaning literally? Or does it have a deeper meaning beyond the actual
words?
Since the human being is considered the highest form of animal, it
can literally mean that man by nature is armored with mechanisms like
language and reason that he uses to interact with others. In a deeper sense,
human beings cannot exist in this world alone. People want the company of
others to feel the love and care that they need. This feeling of closeness can
be found in our own family, close friends, and personal relationships. Also,
people form a social group with common interest and similar perspectives
in life despite their differences in terms of personality, behavior, family
background and other personal qualities. As human beings form social
groups, they create social relation with others that are mutually beneficial
to each other. This makes them engage in common aspirations and support
each other’s beliefs.
As man gets together and interacts with one another based on
relationships, common identity, and culture, man is indeed a social animal.
EXPLAIN: LESSON DISCUSSION
SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE OF SOCIETY
 Social groups are fundamental parts of human life. They are a multitude of people who see each other often and
think of themselves as part of a group.
 There appears to be groups of people everywhere. We could be a member of a church group, college class,
workplace, sports team, club, and others.
 The discipline of Sociology focuses primarily on the study of social groups in a society.
 Sociological Theories or Perspectives. Different sociological perspectives enable sociologists to view
social issues through a variety of useful lenses.
EXPLAIN: LESSON DISCUSSION
A. Structural Functional Theory
 Structural-functional theory, also called
functionalism, sees society as a structure with
interrelated parts designed to meet the biological
and social needs of the individuals in that society.
(Hebert Spencer (1820 1903 – )
 It also views society as a complex system whose
parts work together to promote solidarity and
stability. (Émile Durkheim – 1893)
 Our lives are guided by:
a. SOCIAL STRUCTURE refers to any
relatively stable patterns of social behavior
found in social institutions
b. SOCIAL FUNCTIONS refer to the
consequences for the operation of society as a
whole. Manifest functions are intended; latent
functions are unintended; and social
dysfunctions are undesirable.
EXPLAIN: LESSON DISCUSSION
A. STRUCTURAL FUNCTIONAL THEORY
 Robert Merton (1910 2003), pointed – out that social processes often have many functions.
A. MANIFEST FUNCTIONS - consequences of a social process that are sought or anticipated
 A manifest function of college education, for example, includes gaining knowledge, preparing for a
career, and finding a good job that utilizes that education.
B. LATENT FUNCTIONS - are the unsought consequences of a social process.
 Latent functions of your college years include meeting new people, participating in extracurricular
activities, or even finding a spouse or partner. Another latent function of education is creating a
hierarchy of employment based on the level of education attained. Latent functions can be beneficial,
neutral, or harmful.
C. DYSFUNCTIONS- are the unsought consequences of a social process.
 Social processes that have undesirable consequences for the operation of society.
 In education, dysfunctions examples of dysfunction include getting bad grades, truancy, dropping out,
not graduating, and not finding suitable employment.
EXPLAIN: LESSON DISCUSSION
A. Structural
Functional Theory
EXPLAIN: LESSON DISCUSSION
B. CONFLICT THEORY
 Conflict theory looks at society as a
competition for limited resources. This
perspective is a macro-level approach most
identified with the writings of German
philosopher and sociologist Karl Marx (1818
1883), who saw society as being made up of
two classes:
a. Bourgeoisie - (in Marxist contexts) the
capitalist class who own most of society's
wealth
and means of production. "the conflict of
interest between the bourgeoisie and the
proletariat“
b. Proletariat - workers or working-class
people, regarded collectively (often used
with reference to Marxism). "the growth of
the industrial proletariat"
EXPLAIN: LESSON DISCUSSION
C. SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONIST THEORY
 Symbolic Interactionist Theory is a micro-level
theory that focuses on meanings attached to
human interaction, both verbal and non-verbal,
and to symbols.
 Communication—the exchange of meaning through
language and symbols—is believed to be the way in
which people make sense of their social worlds.
 Charles Horton Cooley introduced the looking-glass
self (1902) to describe how a person’s self of self
grows out of interactions with others, and he proposed
a threefold process for this development: 1) we see
how others react to us, 2) we interpret that reaction
(typically as positive or negative) and 3) we develop
a sense of self based on those interpretations.
 “Looking-glass” is an archaic term for a mirror, so
Cooley theorized that we “see” ourselves when we
interact with others
DEEPENING
Forms of Social Group
I. GROUP/S
 is any collection of people who interact on the basis of shared expectations regarding one another’s behavior ( Kornblum,
2003).
 is consist of two or more people who are bound together in relatively stable patterns of social interaction and who share a
feeling of unity ( Hughes and Kroeler, 2009)
 is comprised of two or more persons who are in social interaction, who are guided by similar norms, values and
expectations, and who maintain a stable pattern of relationship over a period of time.
 Is a specified number of individuals where each recognizes members from nonmember;
 it is a collection of individuals characterize by:
a) Communication
b) Recognition
c) Specialized roles
THREE REQUIREMENTS FOR A GROUP
1. There must be two or more people.
2. There must be interaction.
3. The members must be together physically.
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE GROUPS
A. Motivational base shared by individuals (based on needs, interests, desires, noble activities, insecurities, or problems)
B. Size of the group
C. Type of group goals
D. The kind of a group cohesion/unity (the capability to function and interact collectively in the direction of their goals)
DEEPENING
Forms of Social Group
II. General Characteristics of a Group
Group is characterized by the following:
1. A group has identity identifiable by both its members and outsiders.
2. A group has a social structure in the sense that each part or member has a
position related to other positions.
3. Each member in a group has roles to play.
4. There is mutual reciprocity among members in a group.
Group as distinguished from other Collection of People like:
A. Aggregate - a simple collection of people who are in the same place at the same time without
interacting with each other Eg. People inside the movie house, people riding in an LRT/MRT
B. Category - a simple collection of people who share distinctive characteristics (age, sex, race, income/social
class, occupation, religion, political beliefs, ethnicity Eg. Males/females in the society; the infants; children;
youth; adults/ the aged; slum dwellers; the middle class; the millionaires
C. Collectivity - Collection of people in a given place and time Eg. Crowds, masses, public and social
movements are temporary groups
IMPORTANCE OF A GROUP
1. A group is a major source of solidarity and cohesion.
2. A group reinforces and strengthens our integration into society.
3. A group shares basic survival and problem-solving techniques to satisfy personal and emotional needs.
4. A group gives meaning and support to an individual.
DEEPENING
Forms of Social Group
HOW IS A GROUP FORMED?
1. The desire to achieve an objective
2. To meet the needs of the individual member
3. People are treated alike by others
DEEPENING
Forms of Social Group
GROUP BOUNDARIES
A. IN- GROUP
 group with which the individual identifies and which gives him sense of belonging, solidarity,
camaraderie, esprit de corps, and a protective attitude toward the other members.
 The members are loyal to each other and share common norms, activities, goals and background.

B. OUT-GROUP
 viewed as outsiders by the in-group;
 Any member of the in-group has insufficient contact with the members of the out-group
 Members of the in-group have feelings of strangeness, dislikes, avoidance, antagonism, indifference and even hatred toward
the out-group

C. REFERENCE GROUP
 Group that is significant to us as models even though we ourselves may not be a part of the group.
 Is one which an individual does not only have a high regard for but one after which he or she patterns his/her life
 Its central aspect is self-identification rather than actual membership
DEEPENING
Forms of Social Group
TYPES OF GROUP BOUNDARIES
A. FORMAL GROUP BOUNDARIES
 groups in which duties and privileges are clearly defined and expectations are prescribed, independent of the person who
happens to occupy a given position
 Individual roles are explicitly designed as president, v-president, secretary, and treasurer
 With constitution or set of by-laws

B. INFORMAL GROUP BOUNDARIES

 Arises spontaneously out of the interactions of two or more people
 They are unplanned, have no explicit rules for membership, and do not have specific objectives to be attained
 The members exchange confidences, share a feeling of intimacy and acquire a sense of belongingness.

CONSEQUENCES OF GROUP BOUNDARIES

A. People Gain A Clearer Sense Of Their Diversity
B. Ethnocentrism May Grow
C. Serious Personal And Social Problems May Arise
DEEPENING
Forms of Social Group
FUNCTIONS OF SOCIAL GROUPS
1. PRIMARY GROUP plays a vital part in the socialization process. It forms the social nature and ideals of individuals
especially in shaping the culture and personality where a person learns social norms, beliefs, morals, and values.
2. SECONDARY GROUP members tend to relate to others only in specific roles and for practical reasons. This group
helps in fulfilling various types of human needs and brings about social awareness and social change. Also, this group
helps fulfill various special interests in such fields as sports, dance, music, and others.
3. IN-GROUP may form within our secondary group such as our workmates, group mates, or assembly which
functions as a group of people who can connect with each other because of their sense of identity and belongingness
while out group functions as a competitor or rival group that an individual is opposed to.
4. REFERENCE GROUP provides a standard of measurement. This group has a strong impact on how a person thinks
and acts as it may serve as guide to a member’s behavior and social norms. Thus, networks function as a social media
influencer.
5. SOCIAL NETWORKS are influential in a wide range of online platforms used for building social relationships with
other people including sharing of political opinions, likes and dislikes, and can even show trending societal issues or
personalities.
ASSESSMENT: FINAL PERFORMANCE
 Directions:
TASK (EAA)
1. Choose only one from the following topics:
A. Family problems of Filipino children
B. Peer pressures experiences of teenagers
C. Cyber bullying problem on social media
2. Write a research paper about the topic you have chosen using the simple research outline provided below as your guide.

Simple Research Outline

I. Research Title:
II. Short Introduction of the topic
III. Statement of the Problem (Provide at least 3 questions related to the topic)
IV. Data Presentation (Support your presentation by using data from credible online sources)
V. Conclusion
VI. References

3. You are given one week to finish the research.

4. Your paper will be scored based on the following rubrics.

 Due for Submission: OCTOBER 28, 2022

RUBRIC FOR SIMPLE RESEARCH
Thank you for
listening!