Identifying Elements of the Different Genres and

Using Elements as Techniques to Develop

Themes

Lesson 2
 Multiple Choice
1. What is the combination of fiction and nonfiction which are done in essay and story forms with setting
characterization concepts, and facts?
a. creative nonfiction c science fiction
b. creative writing d. literary genre
2. What genre is also called imaginative writing characterized by inventiveness of situation, perspective, or
story?
a. science fiction c. fiction
b. drama d. diary
3. What literary element tells the central idea, thesis, or overall message that the story conveys?
a. theme c. claim
b. motif d. tone
4. What is the technique that goes beyond the conventions or using small distortions in handling factual
materials?
a. figures of speech c. symbolism
b. creative license d. dialogue
5. "I can hear the rushing of the wind, the rustling of the bamboo leaves, and the bubbling waters from the
rivers." What imagery is dominant in this statement?
a. gustatory imagery c. tactile imagery
b. auditory imagery d. visual imagery
6. Which of the following words signifies the word "thorns"?
a. choices c. hopes
b. dreams d. trials
7. "The grasses dance gracefully to the music of the winds." What is the technique used in this sentence?
a. creative license c. symbolism
b. figure of speech d. irony
8. "The carpenter builds structures but cannot build properly his own house" What technique is used in this
statement?
a. exposition c. theme
b. imagery d. irony
9. “I walk with my smiles up to my ears as I approach my friends" What kind of figure of speech is this?
a. personification c. hyperbole
b. metaphor d. simile
10. Which of the following is expressed in correct form of a theme?
a. Fulfilling dreams, building hopes, changing perspectives
b. Having dreams will change the course of person's life.
c. Dream, believe, survive
d. No vision, no success
Match the following descriptions in column A to the literary terminologies in Column B.
Write the letter of the correct answer in the space provided before the number.

Column A Column B
1. central message or idea of the story of poem A. Characters
2. the sequence of events in the story B. Climax
3. the struggle between two people or things in a short story C. Conflict
4. any person, animal, or figure represented in a literary work D. Exposition
5. any object in a literary piece that means more than or
beyond itself
E. Flashback
6. refers to how the story is told or narrated F. Plot
7. the place and time of the actions that transpire in a story G. Point of view
8. provides clues or hints as to some events may come soon in the
Story H. Settings
9. the most interesting and exciting part in a story I. Symbol
10. the introductory part of a story J. Foreshadowing
K. Theme
•Identify elements of the different genres as techniques to
develop themes;
•Discuss the elements of different genres in sample
literary works collaboratively; and
•Create samples of the different literary elements based
on one’s experience (e.g. metaphor to describe an
emotion) through traditional and free verse poetry to
develop themes.
Read one of Aesop’ fable and answer the
questions that follow.
• 1. Who are the characters in the story?
• 2. When and where did the story happen?
• 3. What is the message the fable tries to
express?
• 4. State the theme of the poem, and justify
your answer.
Elements of the Different Genres and Use of
Elements as Techniques to Develop Themes
 LITERATURE

PROSE POETRY

DRAMAT NARRATI
FICTION NONFICTION LYRIC
IC VE
SONNE
COME T
DY
SHORT ESSAYS MELO EPICS SONGS
STORY NEWS DRAM METRI FOLK
NOVEL FEATURE A CAL SONG
PLAY JOURNAL TRAG ROMA ODE
LEGEND BIOGRAPH EDY NCE ELEG
FABLE Y FARCE Y
ANECDOTE AUTOBIOG SOCIA BALLA IDYL
ORATION RAPHY L DS PSAL
POEM MS
S CORRI
DO
 ELEMENTS OF FICTION
• SETTING
• CHARACTERS
• PLOT
• POINT -OF-VIEW
• CONFLICT
• SYMBOLS
• THEME
SETTING CHARACTERS
•a person or any entity presented
•place and time of the actions •Round Character is the character
in a narrative or dramatic work
that transpire in a story with whom the audience can
•Protagonist is the principal or
•environment may be real or sympathize, associate with, or relate
lead character; “hero” to, as he seems a character they
invented •Antagonist (villain; opposes or might have seen in their real lives
•time may be in previous years challenges the main character; it •Antihero is a character who does
or decades, in the present can also be in other forms like not exhibit the stereotypical
period, or even some time in death, defeat, illness, etc. qualities inherent to a hero; mostly,
•Dynamic Character undergoes this hero is known of being
the future
significant changes in graceless, dishonest, and stupid
•some words may serve as •Foil refers to a character used to
clues to determine where and personality, behavior,
stand in contrast to another
perspective, etc. as the story
when an action happens character.
develops
PLOT refers to the flow and sequence of events in the story which includes
the exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and the denouement or
resolution.
 Plot Patterns and Techniques
• en medias res
The term means “in the middle things/action”. Aside from the classic
chronological pattern, most stories exhibit this as to how events in a story
are set and initiated.
• Flashback
A technique which utilizes the inclusion of episodes or prior events to the
base time of the plot.
• Prolepsis of Flash-forward
Involves the provision of a quick look or glimpse into what may transpire in
the future.
• Foreshadowing
Provides clues or hints as to some events or circumstances that may come
soon in the flow of the story.
• Frame Story
 Point-of-view refers to how the story is told
or narrated.
• Participant Narrator/ First Person
Usually marked by the use of “I” and the narrator is
mainly part of the story or is perceived as one of the
characters.
• Second Person
Emphasizes “you” perspective in which a person or an
entity is being directly addressed.
• Non-Participant/Third Person
The narrator is not part of the story. The story is told
based on what the narrator sees and observes.
 Conflict
• refers to the opposition of forces that may set
forth the problems, issues, and challenges of
various forms and sources that the main
character needs to face and to deal with.
• man vs. himself, man vs. man, man vs. society,
man vs. nature.
 Symbols
• an object which is used to represent ideas
aside from its literal meaning.
• a crown represents power and authority
• the apple for disobedience, temptation, and
sin
• Red symbolizes love, passion, or war
 Theme
• the significant truth about life which a story
attempts to communicate to its readers. In addition,
this is mainly the idea, realization, reflection, or
lesson that readers may extract from the work.
• “It is only with the heart that one can see rightly:
what is essential is invisible to the eye.”- The Little
Prince
• “Beauty is found on the inside.”- Beauty and the
Beast
Literary Devices and Techniques

..\..\..\Downloads\Literary_Devices.p
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 Literary Techniques
• Figurative Languages/ Figures of Speech
• Foreshadowing
• Creative License
• Dialogue
• Imagery
• Symbolism and Allegory
• Irony (dramatic, verbal, and situational)
• Allusion
• Cliff hanger
• Extended Metaphor
A. Using the story of Filipino writer Aida Rivera Ford “Love in the
Cornhusk”, learners apply the concepts learned by identifying the
elements used in the text through the table below:

Elements From the Text

Characters
Settings/Scene/
Atmosphere
Plot and Plot Structure
(Summary)
Figurative Language
(Simile and Metaphor)
Imagery
Point of View
Theme

Symbol
 B. Check if the following elements were applied in the
literary text.

1. Dialogue 6. Imagery 11. Motif

2. Diction 7. Flash Forward 12. Detail
3. Figurative Language 8. Narrative 13. Order
4. Flashbacks 9. Style
5. Foreshadowing 10. Tone
• 1. What is the lesson learned from the story? /
What value can we get from the story? How
can you reflect it to real life experience?
• 2. What is the importance of the theme in
fiction?
• What is the significance of one element in
developing the theme to the entire story?
• Write a 1-paragraph story using the different
literary elements based on one’s experience (e.g.
metaphor to describe an emotion) to develop
themes. Use the checklist below in creating your
1-paragraph story.
• a. Character, settings, plot
• b. Figurative language (Simile and Metaphor)
• c. Imagery
• d. Theme
 Traditional and Free Verse Poetry
• A. Peer Edit: After 30 minutes, exchange with
your seatmates and let them review and
assess your draft.

• B. Revision: Polish and revise your write-up

until it is ready for submission.