Ancient Chinese and Japanese

Thoughts

Lesson 3
 Topics
• Ancient Chinese and Japanese Thoughts
• Literary Sound Devices
• Techniques in Public Speaking
• Discourse Markers- Conjunctions
• Modal Verbs
 Learners are expected to:
• MELC: Compare and contrast the contents of the
materials viewed with outside sources of information
in terms of accessibility and effectiveness
• Knowledge: Explain the literary devices used:
alliteration, assonance, and onomatopoeia;
• Skills: Compose a persuasive text of three paragraphs
expressing one’s stand on an issue;
• Affective: Express insights based on the ideas
presented in the material viewed; and
• Valuing: Reflect the importance of free speech.
“What insights do we learn from ancient
Chinese and Japanese thoughts?”
• Think of a principle, philosophy, or culture of
ancient Chinese and Japanese using the
following words: for, and, but, because, can,
could. Write the sentences on the board.
• Determine how a particular conjunction
signals the function of a statement.
• Identify correct modal verbs to use based on
its function in the sentence.
 Conjunctions
• Are discourse marker or lexical units that link
words, phrases, or clauses together.
• FANBOYS ( for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so)

• I need to leave now. But it is raining hard.

• I need to leave now, for I’m flying to Tokyo in
four hors.
• I need to leave now. But it is raining hard.
• Functions as resistance due to conditions

• I need to leave now, for I’m flying to Tokyo in

four hors.
• Functions as reasons or “because”.
Conj. Sample Sentences

F We listened to Prof. Yamamoto eagerly for he brought good Because

news.

A "Everyone in the world knows that the soft overcomes the In addition to
hard, and the weak the strong… (Tao Te Ching 78:1-2)

N I do not expect summer to be so hot, nor do I expect winter Negative choice

to be so cold.

B “… Always without desire we must be found, if its deep However

mystery we would sound; but desire always within us be, its
outer fringe is all that we shall see." (Tao Te Ching 1:3)

O Of fame or life, which do you hold more dear?" (Tao Te Ching Choice
44:1)

Y "He who dies, and yet does not perish, has longevity." (Tao Te Contrast
Ching 33.1-2)

S "Man at his birth is supple and weak; at his death, firm and Therefore
strong. So it is with all things." (Tao Te Ching 76:1-4)
 Modal verbs (Modals)
• auxiliary verbs that are used to express the
probability of an action or event.
• Examples of common modal verbs are "can,"
"could," "may," and "might"
 Can and Could
A. As verbs that express ability or certainty
Can (present tense) Could (past tense)
•David can sing the national anthem •David could not sing the national anthem
now. last month.
•Mr. Alvarez can play basketball •Mr. Alvarez could not play basketball last
tomorrow. week.

B. As verbs that express permission

Can (present tense) Could (past tense)
•You can watch the concert tonight. •Mother said that you could watch the
•Can I eat dinner later? concert tonight.
•Father said that you could eat dinner later.

C. As verbs that express a condition

Could (past tense)
•You could watch the concert tonight if you would take the morning shift tomorrow.
•Lucas could eat dinner later if he would help wash the dishes.
 May and Might
A. As verbs that express permission ("May" is more formal and more
polite than "can.")
May (present tense) Might (past tense)
•Carla may read as many books •Carla might read as many books as
as she can in the library. she could according to the librarian.
•May I leave the room? •Jose asked if he might leave the
room.

B. As verbs that express possibility

May (present tense) Might (past tense)
•It may rain on the day of the •The forecast said that it might rain
children's parade. on the day of t children's parade.
•Edwin may run for the post of •Edwin might run for the post of city
city mayor. mayor.
 Explore!
• Give sample sentences of conjunctions and
modals.
• Write it on the board.
 Samurai Gunslinger Girl
by Aika Perez
Yamamoto Yaeko was born in the Aizu Province of Japan on December 1, 1845. Her mother,
Saku, tried her best to raise Yaeko to be a proper Samurai's daughter: skilled in the arts of
women and skilled at keeping house. But Yaeko was interested in something entirely
different: teppo, or gunnery.
Yaeko's father, Gonpachi, was a well-respected gunnery instructor of the Aizu clan, and her
older brother, Kakuma, was one of the gunnery commanders in the Aizu army. As a child,
Yaeko watched Gonpachi, Kakuma, and Kakuma's friend, Shonosuke Kawasaki, practice firing
rifles. So, at a young age, Yaeko was already fascinated with firearms and enamored with the
gun arts.
Unfortunately, teppo was a Samurai art and only men were allowed to practice it. Hence,
Gonpachi adamantly refused to teach his daughter anything about firearms. But Yaeko taught
herself the art of teppo by secretly reading her father's gunnery books and rifle manuals.
Gonpachi was furious when he found out what his daughter was doing.
So Yaeko pleaded with her older brother Kakuma to teach her the art of teppo. And it was not
long before Yaeko was shooting bull's-eyes with her brother's rifle. Gonpachi grudgingly
taught Yaeko everything he knew about gunnery. Soon Yaeko put everything she learned to
use on the battlefield.
 A. Determine the functions of the conjunctions used in the text. Check
the corresponding column for the function. (Refer to pp. 44-45, p.52)
Conj. Because In addition Negative However Choice Contr Therefore
to choice ast

First paragraph
And
But
Second Paragraph
And
So
And
Third Paragraph
But
Fourth Paragraph
So
And
 B. Fill in the blanks with the correct modal to complete the
sentence. (Refer to p. 48)
1. Mrs. Aquino asked, “_______ (ability) you lead the opening prayer?“
2. Alma: "Yes, Ma'am. I can if I _______ (permission). I'm not a
Christian."
3. Mrs. Aquino: "Sure, you _______ (permission). We're ecumenical."
4. Carpenter: " _______ (possibility) I use old wood for the kitchen
door?"
5. House Owner: "No, let's use new wood. _______ (certainty) you give
me the measurements of the door tomorrow?"
6. Mr. Chen _______ (ability) read without glasses 20 years ago.
7. We _______ (possibility) go strolling at the park after school.
8. Mr. Toyota told his children that he _______ (possibility) arrive from
Kyoto next week.
9. _______ (ability) your dance teacher teach us a Chinese folk dance?
10. Dr. Lin: "You _______ (permission) start eating solid food."
 Evaluation
• Write a paragraph with 5-10 sentences about
the importance of free speech using the
conjunctions and modals learned based on
their functions in the sentence. Share your
work to the class after.
Techniques in Public Speaking
Brainstorm and list down the things to consider in
delivering a speech. Write it on the board.
Techniques in Public Speaking
 Observe the speech of Malala Yusafzai’s
Transforming Education Summit- United Nations

What are the techniques she

employed in delivering her speech?
• 1. What are the basic techniques in public
speaking?
• 2. What are the techniques employed by the
speaker from the video presentation?
• If you were given a privilege to speech in
United Nations, what would be your topic or
content? Explain why.
• Using the drafted paragraph from the previous
meeting about the importance of free speech,
share your work by delivering speech
employing the techniques in public speaking
with your partner.
• Compose a persuasive text of three
paragraphs expressing your stand on an issue.
Employ the techniques in public speaking in a
sample public speaking situation. (The final
output will be performed on October 25-26,
2022.)
 Answer the following:
• 1. What is the synonymous word of daybreak?
• Sunrise/dawn
• 2. What is the opposite of the word harmful?
• Beneficial/harmless
• 3. What is the formal definition of beauty?
• Good quality of physical attributes
• 4. What is the informal definition of beauty?
• Kind-heart, divine, pure
• 5. Help is to hinder as___
• a. inside is to outside b. aid is to assist
•  a. inside is to outside b. aid is to assist
Defining Words through Synonyms, Antonyms,
Denotation, Connotation, and Analogy
What do you mean by the word
“Tip”?
TIP
SET
 Synonyms
• Words that have the same meaning as the
given words

• Benevolent- kind-hearted
• Important- significant, essential, vital
• Advantage- benefit, profit, upper-hand
 Antonyms
• Words that mean the opposite of the
particular word

• Benevolent- malevolent
• Freedom- tame, slavery
• Admit- deny
• Strengthen-weaken
 Denotation
• Formal definitions
• Exact, explicit, or literal meanings of specific
word

• Kind- compassionate
• History- a chronological record
•  snake - a limbless, slithering reptile without
eyelids, sometimes poisonous
 Connotation
• Informal definitions
• Based on the ideas, feelings, associations, and
overtones that are ascribed to those words

• Benevolent- Zen-like
• Snake- evil or dangerous
• Hisotry- “boring dates and old places”
 Analogy
• Comparisons between two similar things that
explain or clarify a point

• i.e. “benevolence is like sharing love, for the love

of sharing”
• Life is like a box of chocolates—you never know
what you're gonna get.”
• Ponder is to wonder as___
a. president is to leader b. flower is to soil
Modal Verbs
 Modal Verbs
• Auxiliary verbs that expresses:

• probability of an action taking place

• the possibility of something happening
• an obligation to do something
 Will
• Order, demand, prediction, assumption,
promise, or current habit
• Will you stop talking and listen to me?
• You will like what I have to say about renaming
the Philippines.
• I will keep this lecture short.
• Dad will talk for hours about raising honeybees-
his hobby.
 Will
• Order, demand, prediction, assumption,
promise, or current habit
• Order- Will you stop talking and listen to me?
• Prediction- You will like what I have to say about
renaming the Philippines.
• Promise-I will keep this lecture short.
• Current habit- Dad will talk for hours about
raising honeybees-his hobby.
 Would
• to make a polite request or to describe a habit
in the past.
• Would you please lend me your grass cutter?
• Dad would talk for hours about his former
hobby-honeybee farming.
 Would
• to make a polite request or to describe a habit
in the past.
• Polite request- Would you please lend me
your grass cutter?
• Past habit- Dad would talk for hours about his
former hobby-honeybee farming.
 Shall
• to express a suggestion, prediction,
assumption, or promise in the first person.
• I shall definitely enjoy my vacation in Hanoi.
• Shall I buy Vietnamese coffee for you?
• "I shall return."-Douglas MacArthur (When
Gen. MacArthur left the Philippines during
World War II in 1942, he promised to return to
liberate the Philippines from Japanese rule.)
 Shall
• to express a suggestion, prediction, assumption, or
promise in the first person.
• A suggestion- Shall I buy Vietnamese coffee for you?
• A prediction- I shall definitely enjoy my vacation in
Hanoi.
• A promise (formal and binding) "I shall return."-
Douglas MacArthur (When Gen. MacArthur left the
Philippines during World War II in 1942, he promised
to return to liberate the Philippines from Japanese
rule.)
 Should
• to express advice or an obligation.

• The Philippines should learn the Vietnamese

crisis management approach.
• You should stop smoking if you want to
become healthier.
 Should
• to express advice or an obligation.

• An advice- You should stop smoking if you

want to become healthier.
• An obligation- The Philippines should learn the
Vietnamese crisis management approach.
 Complete a pie chart consisting the synonym, antonym,
denotation, connotation, and analogy of the following
words: abstract and significant.

Give sample sentences for each modal verb.

• Give sample sentences of the vocabulary
words learned and modal verbs from the
activity above to be written on your notebook.
• A. Complete the table below by providing: formal
definitions, informal definitions, synonyms,
antonyms, and analogies for the selected words.
(See p.37.)
• B. Write one sentence each using will would, shall,
and should integrating the core values. (See p.66.)

• Share your written works to the class about the

modal sentences.