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Anti Derivatives

Here are the steps to evaluate the integrals: 1) ∫ cos(−3x)dx = sin(-3x) + C = -sin(3x) + C 2) ∫ csc(5x-2)dx = -cot(5x-2) + C 3) ∫ xcos(6x)dx = (1/6)sin(6x) + C 4) ∫ (5cscxcotx - 4sec^2x)dx = -5cscx - 4tanx + C 5) ∫ (5 + sinx)dx/cosx = 5x - cosx + C

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Hanna Galati
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365 views21 pages

Anti Derivatives

Here are the steps to evaluate the integrals: 1) ∫ cos(−3x)dx = sin(-3x) + C = -sin(3x) + C 2) ∫ csc(5x-2)dx = -cot(5x-2) + C 3) ∫ xcos(6x)dx = (1/6)sin(6x) + C 4) ∫ (5cscxcotx - 4sec^2x)dx = -5cscx - 4tanx + C 5) ∫ (5 + sinx)dx/cosx = 5x - cosx + C

Uploaded by

Hanna Galati
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ANTI-DERIVATIVES

CALCULUS
Anti-derivatives
Also called as the Indefinite Integral.
Reverse operation of derivative.
The process of finding the anti-derivative is called
anti-differentiation or integration.
Denoted as:

∫ 𝒇 ( 𝒙 ) 𝒅𝒙
Read as “the indefinite integral f of x”.
x as the independent variable
y as the dependent variable.
Parts of an Integral Equation
(1)
∫ 𝒇 ( 𝒙) 𝒅𝒙=𝑭 ( 𝒙 )+ 𝑪 (4)
(2) (3)
1. Integral Sign – is a symbol w/c denotes that the anti-
derivative of the function is to be taken.
2. Integrand – is the part of the integral equation wherein
its anti-derivative is to be taken. Note the presence of dx.
It only means that it has to take integral w/ respect to x.
3. The anti-derivative of the given function – is the
resulting function after the anti-derivative has been
taken.
4. Arbitrary Constant or Constant of Integration
Integral of a Constant
Given the integrand C, wherein C is any constant, its
integral, denoted by is equal to Cx + C. In symbols:

Find the integral of the following functions:


Integral of a Power
Given the integrand , wherein n is any real number, its
integral, denoted by is equal to + C. In symbols, that
is,
+C
Find the integral of the following functions:
Integral of a Constant and a Power
Given the integrand C. , wherein n is any real number
and C is any constant, its integral, denoted by is equal to
C multiplied by the integral of . In symbols, that is,
C+C
Find the integral of the following functions:
Remember:
1. The integral of a constant is always equal to the
constant affixed with the variable, wherein the function
is dependent to, plus the Constant of Integration, C.
2. In getting the integral of a power, simply add one to the
exponent of the integrand over the value of the
exponent after adding one. From it, add the Constant
of Integration, C.
3. In getting the Integral of a Constant and a Power,
separate the constant and get the integral of the
remaining factor by applying the integral of a power.
4. Always simplify the answers.
a. Express rational exponent to radical form.
b. Express negative exponent to positive exponent.
c. Express fractions in its lowest term.
Other Basic Integration Rules
The Indefinite Integral of the Function :

The Indefinite Integral of the Exponential


Function:
Find the following indefinite integrals
1. 5.

2. 6.

3. 7.

4. 8.

9.
Evaluate the following integrals
1. 5.

2. 6.

3. 7.

4. 8.

9.
More on Integration
Formulas
Integral of Sum and Difference
Definition. Given the integrand f(x) ± g(x), denoted
by , its integral is equal to the integral of each term.
In symbols, that is,

Find the integral of the following:


Remember
In taking the integral of the sum and difference,
the following steps can be applied:
1. Express each of the terms of the integral of sum
and difference as separate integrals.
2. Take the integral of each terms by applying the
previous rules of integration.
3. Simplify the final answers.
Integration By
Substitution
The Substitution Rule
If u = g(x) is a differentiable function whose range
is an interval I, and if f is a function defined on I,
then
Guidelines for Making a Change
of Variables
1. Choose a new variable u: a common choice is the
innermost expression or “inside” term of a
composition function.
2. Compute du = g’ (x) dx
3. Replace all terms in the original integrand with
expressions involving u and du.
4. Evaluate the resulting (u) integral. If still you can’t
evaluate the integral, try a different choice of u.
5. Replace each occurrence of u in the antiderivative
with the corresponding expression in x.
Example:
1.∫ ( 1+𝑥 ) ( 2𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥
28
5.∫ √ 2𝑥 +7𝑥 𝑑𝑥
3 2

2.∫ ( 𝑥 +5 ) ( 2𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥
2 3 1
6 .∫ 6
𝑑𝑥
(2 𝑥 +1)
3.∫ √ 2𝑥+1𝑑𝑥 7 .∫
5
2
𝑑𝑥
(3+5 𝑥)
4 .∫ 𝑥 √ 𝑥+2𝑑𝑥
2
Seatwork:
Integrals Involving
Trigonometric
Functions
∫ cos𝑥𝑑𝑥=sin 𝑥+𝐶 ∫c𝑠𝑐𝑥cot𝑥𝑑𝑥=−csc𝑥+𝐶
∫ sin𝑥𝑑𝑥=−cos𝑥+𝐶 ∫ sec𝑥tan𝑥𝑑𝑥=sec𝑥+𝐶
∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥𝑑𝑥=tan 𝑥+𝐶 ∫𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑥𝑑𝑥=−cot𝑥+𝐶
2 2
Evaluate:

1.∫ cos(−3𝑥)𝑑𝑥 4.∫ (5 csc𝑥cot𝑥−4𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 ) dx


2

2.∫ c𝑠𝑐(5𝑥−2)𝑑𝑥 5 .∫ 5+sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥


c 𝑜𝑠 𝑥

3.∫ 𝑥 c𝑜𝑠(6𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 cos (3x) dx


2 3
∫ cos𝑥𝑑𝑥=sin 𝑥+𝐶 ∫c𝑠𝑐𝑥cot𝑥𝑑𝑥=−csc𝑥+𝐶
∫ sin𝑥𝑑𝑥=−cos𝑥+𝐶 ∫ sec𝑥tan𝑥𝑑𝑥=sec𝑥+𝐶
∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥𝑑𝑥=tan 𝑥+𝐶 ∫𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑥𝑑𝑥=−cot𝑥+𝐶
2 2

∫ tan𝑥𝑑𝑥=ln|sec𝑥|+𝐶∫ cot 𝑥𝑑𝑥=ln|s𝑖𝑛𝑥|+𝐶


∫ sec𝑥𝑑𝑥=ln|sec𝑥+tan𝑥|+𝐶
∫csc𝑥𝑑𝑥=ln|csc𝑥−cot𝑥|+𝐶

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