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Lectures 20,21 and 22

This document summarizes key concepts in ternary phase diagrams. It discusses [1] common reference books on ternary phase diagrams, [2] basic concepts like the Gibbs triangle and indexing compositions, [3] features of diagrams with two, three, and four phases, [4] reading example compositions in a ternary diagram, and [5] applications to alloy systems like stainless steel.

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31 views

Lectures 20,21 and 22

This document summarizes key concepts in ternary phase diagrams. It discusses [1] common reference books on ternary phase diagrams, [2] basic concepts like the Gibbs triangle and indexing compositions, [3] features of diagrams with two, three, and four phases, [4] reading example compositions in a ternary diagram, and [5] applications to alloy systems like stainless steel.

Uploaded by

viky kava
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Ternary phase diagrams

Reference Books

• Phase diagrams –Understanding the basics Edited


by F.C. Campbell (2012)
• Ternary phase diagrams in Materials Science by
D.R.F west and N. Saunders (2002)
• Ternary Phase diagrams by A. Prince , (1966)
• Phase diagrams in metallurgy by F.N. Rhines,
(1956)
Ternary phase diagrams
• Space model and Phase rule
• Gibbs Triangle and indexing of composition
• Concept of tie lines and tie triangles
• Concept of isothermal section, vertical section, solidus and
liquidus projections
• Crystallization of an alloy, equilibrium and non-equilibrium
• Phase diagram, two phases, three phases and four phases
• Stainless steel phase diagrams relevant to welding
Reading compositions in Ternary Diagrams

Note the numbers 1 - 4 on the diagram. The


composition for each of these points is shown below.

1.   60% A | 20% B | 20% C = 100%


2.   25% A | 40% B | 35% C = 100%
3.   10% A | 70% B | 20% C = 100%
4.   0.0% A | 25% B | 75% C = 100%
Ternary Phase Diagram
System containing two phases

Temperature – composition space diagram of a


ternary isomorphous system
System containing two phases

Two
Phases
System containing two phases

Two
Phases
Melting point of any point on the Ag-Au-Pd system

Liquidus projection for the Ag-Au-Pd system


a) Space model showing complete solid solubility of the components
and b ) the course of solidification of a typical alloy “X”
Isothermal sections through the space model
a) at t2 and b) at t3
Vertical section taken along the direction of the tie line L2S2
Systems containing three phases
• Liquid + two primary solid solution phases
L α+β
(AB-isomorphous system, BC and CA Eutectic
system
• L +α β
(AB-isomorphous system, BC and CA Peritectic
systems
• Transition between eutectic and peritectic three
phase reaction
System containing three phases

Vertical section of
system from the
corner B to the mid
point “r” of the side
AC

Vertical section of system from the corner


B to the mid point “r” of the side AC

Space model of system showing a eutectic


reaction L → α + β

Isothermal section through the space


model a) at a temperature between that of
the eutectic in system AB and BC and b) at
a temperature below that of eutectics
Systems containing four phases

• Ternary eutectic
L α+β+γ
(AB, BC and CA all Eutectic systems)

• Ternary Peritectic
L +α+ β γ
(AB is peritectic and BC and CA all Eutectic systems)
L +α β + γ
(AB is eutectic system and and BC and CA all peritectic
systems)
Systems containing four phases

Ternary Eutectic system Ternary peritectic system


The Fe-Cr-Ni ternary system a) Liquidus surface
and b) Solidus surface
Fe-Cr system shows isomorphous down to solidification range
Cr-Ni system shows eutectic at 1345 C at about 49.0% Ni
Fe-Ni system shows peritectic reaction at 1517 0 C and we have delta phase
formation on Fe side and we have complete solubility to 100% Ni.
Fe-Cr-Ni system liquidus projection starts at peritectic reaction on Fe-Ni system
( +L   and moves down to the eutectic reaction (L   + ) on the
Cr- Ni system .
On the Ni-Cr enriched side a ternary eutectic is formed at 1300 C
(48Cr-44Ni-8Fe )a ternary eutectic exists
Pseudobinary sections of the Fe-Cr-NI ternary system
(a) 70% Fe and (b) 60% Fe
Solidification in carbon steels and stainless steels
Carbon and alloy steels are welded more frequently than any other
metals/alloys due to their weldability and applications

Austenite to ferrite
transformations in low
carbon and low alloy steels

Ferrite austenite
transformations in austenitic
stainless steels

a) Fe-C System
b) Fe-Cr system Cr > 12.7 wt.% is fully ferrite, Formation of gamma loop
c) Fe-Cr-C system Formation of sigma phase at low temperature (prime)
d) Fe-Cr-Ni at 70 %Fe Reaction is sluggish
Stainless steel isotherm at 900 oC

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