Lesson 3.

3
Development by
Definition
PATTERNS OF PARAGRAPH DEVELOPMENT
What is definition?
• is used to give the derivation of a word, to tell the
component parts of something, to explain word or
expression, and to define a concept.
• In this type of paragraph development, the supporting
sentences identify, describe, or explain what a word or
phrase means.
Example: An aviary is a place for keeping birds confined.
How to make definition of a word?
There are three steps in making definition of a word:

1. Name the 2. Name the 3. Name the characteristics

word to be general class to that make it different
defined. which it belongs. from all others in its
general class.

A ballad is a song that tells a story.

A structure is the art of fashioning figures of
stone, clay, wood or
bronze by carving or
casting.
Activity 1
A.Complete the following definitions:

2. A calculator______________________________.
3. An irrigation dam is________________________.
4. Astronomy is_____________________________.
5. A prose _________________________________.
B. Write X if the underlined word or group of words refers to the TERM being
defined, Y if it refers to its CLASS to which it belongs, and Z if it refers to its
CHARACTERISTICS which make it different from others.
1. A good friend is a person who is aware of one’s weakness but turns his
attention towards one’s good tendencies.
2. Anger is a negative emotion that paralyzes a person’s ability to think
logically.
3. Love, respect, consideration, and patience are virtues which are cultivated and
nurtured at home.
4. Good manners are social graces that reveal a good breeding.
5. Courtesy is a positive trait that makes a personal interaction very pleasant.
B. Write X if the underlined word or group of words refers to the TERM being
defined, Y if it refers to its CLASS to which it belongs, and Z if it refers to its
CHARACTERISTICS which make it different from others.
6. Psychology is a branch of science that deals with the study of human
behavior.
7. Mood is an aspect of the verb that tells whether the action or condition is
factual or contrary to facts.
8. A fountain of youth is one’s talent which brings creativity to his life.
9. A descriptive paragraph is one of the organizational patterns that appeals to
the five senses, namely: sight, sound, smell, taste, and touch.
10.A university is a community which is neither a political agency nor a
religious center.
Lesson 3.4
Development by
Classification
PATTERNS OF PARAGRAPH DEVELOPMENT
What is classification?
• is based on the natural human instinct for arranging things: We
bring like things together into one category.
Example:
• Universities put people who have similar degree goals and
interests together in one curriculum program
• Cars made in different parts of the world, by a multitude of
manufacturers, may have many dissimilar features but they can
still be categorized or classified as sports cars, luxury cars, or cars
in a range of styles, sizes, and colors
How to make a classification essay?
There are tips on writing a classification essay:
1. Make clear what is being classified. This principle uses a definition of the subject
which may not be familiar to the reader.

2. Choose and state a single, useful or guiding principle for the classification and stick to
it.

3. Name all the species according to a given basis. A complete classification based on one
principle requires listing of every known species.

4. Make sure that each species is separate and distinct; that there Is no overlapping.

5. Help the reader understand the distinction between species. This principle requires that a
definition, description, or illustration of species be given.
Lesson 3.5
Writing a Comparison-
Contrast Essay
PATTERNS OF PARAGRAPH DEVELOPMENT
What is a comparison and contrast
writing?
• this type of paragraph organization is used when two or more items are
shown to be alike or different.
• comparison is used when only the similarities are given and contrast
is used when only the differences are included.

Example topics:
a. Rural life urban life
b. The mother as a career woman or as a full-time homemaker
c. Divorce vs. legal separation
d. Your life now with your life ten (or twenty) years ago
e. Views of fidelity held by women and held by men
What is a comparison and contrast
writing?
• comparison-contrast essay takes a close look at two separate Ideas -
technologies, cultures, people, events, and so on

Tasks One technology Another technology

send messages e-mail telephone
travel on land gas-electric hybrid car fuel-cell car
travel in the air propeller-driven jet plane
play music D player MP3 player
cook food microwave oven gas oven
Oral Activity:
Answer C if the sentence states SIMILARITY and X if it states
CONTRAST between two persons, places, or things. Be guided by the
expressions in italics.

1. The Europeans were into booze while the Chinese, being Asians, were
not quick to appreciate the magic of vodka.
2. Just like the Chinese, the Americans create very strong cultural
influences on other people in the world.
3. The superior man blames himself, whereas, the inferior man blames
others.
4. The Spaniard thought Filipinos were very like the Spanish.
5. Not like other Asians, the Filipino is unique.
Oral Activity:
Answer C if the sentence states SIMILARITY and X if it states
CONTRAST between two persons, places, or things. Be guided by the
expressions in italics.

6. Japan unlike the Philippines is highly industrialized.

7. The feelings of a mother in Asia are basically different from the
feelings of a mother in Europe or America.
8. The Occidental says, “Good bye,” while the Oriental says, “God be
with you.”
9. The American time suggests punctuality; on the other hand, the
Filipino time implies the flexibility.
10. Chinese opera in similar to Western opera in that it combines singing,
reciting, acting, and dancing.