SCIENCE : CHAPTER 8

MOTION
 Distance & Displacement

MOTION
Average speed & Average Velocity

Acceleration & its numericals

Distance & Velocity Time Graph

Graphical Derivations of Equations of

motion

Graph based numericals

Change in
Position
 Distance and
Displacement

The total distance is calculated by measuring the

total path/length covered by the
object.

Displacement is calculating by the

difference
between initial and final
position
 Path
Dependency
10
m

8m

6m

O B
Initial Position Final
Position
Distance is path independent
and
displacement is path
dependent.
Direction
Dependency

Distance is
Scalar.
Displacement is
Vector.
Q1. A man lives at A, and has to reach
C. He decided to stop by and meet his
friend who lives at B. So he chooses the
path A-B-C. Calculate distance and
displacement.
 Q1. A man lives at A, and has to reach
C. He decided to stop by and meet his
friend who lives at B. So he chooses the
path A-B-C. Calculate distance and
displacement.

A B
Distance 12 Km Distance 8 Km
Displacement Displacement 4
12Km Km

C D
Distance 12 Km Distance 8 Km
Displacement 0 Displacement 8
Km Km
 Q1. A man lives at A, and has to reach
C. He decided to stop by and meet his
friend who lives at B. So he chooses the
path A-B-C. Calculate distance and
displacement.

A B
Distance 12 Km Distance 8 Km
Displacement Displacement 4
12Km Km

C D
Distance 12 Km Distance 8 Km
Displacement 0 Displacement 8
Km Km
Measuring
Motion
 Speed is the distance covered by an object
per
unit
time .

WHAT IS A SPEED ? distanc

Speed e
=
time

SI unit of speed is
m/s.
Speed is a Scalar
Quantity.
 Velocity is defined by displacement per
unit
time or rate of change of
displacement

WHAT IS A Velocity =

VELOCITY ?
displacement
time

SI unit of velocity is
m/s.
Velocity is a Vector
Quantity.
 Types of
Motion
Non-Uniform
Uniform
Motion
Motion
Equal distances in Unequal
equal intervals distances in
of time. equal intervals
of time.
 Q2. Calculate the time taken by an
object moving at a speed of 20 m/s, to
cover a distance of 100 m.

A B

5 10
s s

C D

15 20
s s
 Q2. Calculate the time taken by an
object moving at a speed of 20 m/s, to
cover a distance of 100 m.

A B

5 10
s s

C D

15 20
s s
 Q3. A person travel from A to B along a
straight line in 5 min, distance between
A & B is 3 km, find velocity of the
person.

A B

3 m/s from A to 5 m/s from B to

B A

C D

10m/s from A to 10 m/s from B to

B A
 Q3. A person travel from A to B along a
straight line in 5 min, distance between
A & B is 3 km, find velocity of the
person.

A B

3 m/s from A to 5 m/s from B to

B A

C D

10m/s from A to 10 m/s from B to

B A
 Average speed: Total distance
covered by an object in an interval
of time.

total distance covered by the

Average Speed object
= total time
taken

AVERAGE SPEED
 Average Velocity: Total
displacement divided by total time
of motion
total displacement
Average Velocity
total time
=
taken

AVERAGE VELOCITY
 Q4. A runner is running along a
rectangular track with length 50 m and
width 20 m. He travels around the
track twice, finally running back to
starting point. If the total time he takes
to run around the track is 100 s,
determine average speed and average
velocity
A B
Avg speed = 1.2
Avg speed = 0 m/s
Avg velocity =
Avg velocity =
0
3.2 m/s

C D
Avg speed =2.8
Avg Speed
m/s Avg velocity =
=2.8m/s Avg
1.5 m/s
velocity = 0
SOLUTIO
N
 Q4. A runner is running along a
rectangular track with length 50 m and
width 20 m. He travels around the
track twice, finally running back to
starting point.If the total time he takes
to run around the track is 100 s,
determine average speed and average
velocity
A B
Avg speed = 1.2
Avg speed = 0 m/s
Avg velocity =
Avg velocity =
0
3.2 m/s

C D
Avg speed =2.8
Avg Speed
m/s Avg velocity =
=2.8m/s Avg
1.5 m/s
velocity = 0
 Q5. Shyam travels towards south 120
km in 5 hours & then 90 km towards
east in next 5 hours find his
(i) average speed (ii) average velocity?

A B
(i) 20 Km/hr (ii)21 Km/hr (i)21
Km/hr
(ii)15
Km/hr

C D
(i)21 (i) 20
Km/hr Km/hr
(ii)10 (ii)25
Km/hr Km/hr
 Q5. Shyam travels towards south 120
km in 5 hours & then 90 km towards
east in next 5 hours find his
(i) average speed (ii) average velocity?

A B
(i) 20 (i)21
Km/hr Km/hr
(ii)21 (ii)15
Km/hr Km/hr

C D
(i)21 (i) 20
Km/hr Km/hr
(ii)10 (ii)25
Km/hr Km/hr
Acceleration : Rate of change of
velocity

Change in
Acceleration velocity
= time
taken

SI unit of acceleration is
m/s2
Acceleration : Rate of change of
velocity

Change in
Acceleration velocity
= time
taken

SI unit of acceleration is
m/s2
It is also a Vector
Quantity.
Positive Acceleration: The acceleration
is positive when final velocity is greater
than initial velocity.
Negative Acceleration: The
acceleration is negative when final
velocity is less than initial velocity.
 Q6. A ball hits a wall horizontally at
10m/s. It rebounds horizontally at 6m/s.
The ball is in contact with the wall for
0.2s. What is the acceleration of the
ball?

A B

40 80
m/s2 m/s2

C D

120 160
m/s2 m/s2
 Q6. A ball hits a wall horizontally at
10m/s. It rebounds horizontally at 6m/s.
The ball is in contact with the wall for
0.2s. What is the acceleration of the
ball?

A B

40 80
m/s2 m/s2

C D

120 160
m/s2 m/s2
 Graphical
Representation of
Motion
Distance -Time Straight line
motion
graph represents uniform

graph
Curved line graph represents non-uniform
motion
Distance -Time
graphs
Q7. Four cars A, B, C and D are moving
on a levelled road. Their distance versus
time graphs are shown. Which
statement is correct.
Q7. Four cars A, B, C and D are moving
on a levelled road. Their distance versus
time graphs are shown. Which
statement is correct.

A B
Car A is Car B is
faster than the slowest
Car D

C D
Car D is faster Car C is
than car C the slowest
Q7. Four cars A, B, C and D are moving
on a levelled road. Their distance versus
time graphs are shown. Which
statement is correct.

A B
Car A is Car B is
faster than the slowest
Car D

C D
Car D is faster Car C is
than car C the slowest
Q8. For a body performing motion with
uniform speed, the distance-time graph
is

A B
Straight line Straight line
parallel to x parallel to Y
axis axis

C D
Straight
line to the
inclined Curved
time axis line
Q8. For a body performing motion with
uniform speed, the distance-time graph
is

A B
Straight line Straight line
parallel to x parallel to Y
axis axis

C D
Straight
line to the
inclined Curved
time axis line
 Slope of the Velocity Time graph

Velocity -Time
gives
acceleration

graph

Non Uniform Motion with Constant

Acceleration
Uniform Motion / Zero
acceleration
In any motion (uniform or non-uniform),
area under velocity time graph represents
displacement
.
Q9. Find out and
acceleration displacement
respectively for given belo
graph from A to B w
Q9. Find out and
acceleration displacement
respectively for given belo
graph from A to B w

A B

1.8 m/s2, 22.5 1.8 m/s2, 37.5

m m

C D

3.6 m/s2, 37.5 3.6 m/s2, 45

m m
Q9. Find out and
acceleration displacement
respectively for given belo
graph from A to B w

A B

1.8 m/s2, 22.5 1.8 m/s2, 37.5

m m

C D

3.6 m/s2, 37.5 3.6 m/s2, 45

m m
Q10. If the velocity-time graph of an
object is not a straight line, then its
acceleration is

A B

Zer Positiv
o e

C D

Negativ Variabl
e e
Q10. If the velocity-time graph of an
object is not a straight line, then its
acceleration is

A B

Zer Positiv
o e

C D

Negativ Variabl
e e
Equations of
Motion
Let us get equations from this velocity-
time
graph
.
Derivation
1
Derivation
2
Derivation
3
● Three equations of motions
are
○ v = u + at
○ s = ut + ½at2
○ v2—u2 = 2as
● Three equations of motions
are
○ v = u + at
○ s = ut + ½at2
○ v2—u2 = 2as

● These equations of motion are

applicable for motion with constant
acceleration.
 Q11. A person started his motion with a
velocity of 15 m/s. If his velocity
decreases at a constant rate of 0.5
m/s2, find out the time taken by him to
come to rest.

A B

30 40
s s

C D

42 50
s s
 Q11. A person started his motion with a
velocity of 15 m/s. If his velocity
decreases at a constant rate of 0.5
m/s2, find out the time taken by him to
come to rest.

A B

30 40
s s

C D

42 50
s s
 Q12. A person is standing at the top of
a building. He is holding a ball in his
hand and dropped it from top of the
building. If acceleration in the direction
of motion is 10 m/s2 and time taken by
ball to reach the ground is 6 seconds,
find the height of the building.

A B

180 240
m m

C D

200 100
m m
 Q12. A person is standing at the top of
a building. He is holding a ball in his
hand and dropped it from top of the
building. If acceleration in the direction
of motion is 10 m/s2 and time taken by
ball to reach the ground is 6 seconds,
find the height of the building.

A B

180 240
m m

C D

200 100
m m
 Q13. A person is driving a car in a
straight line with an initial velocity of 4
m/sec and an acceleration of 0.2 m/s2.
After two minutes he applied brakes
and car stopped after travelling 7
meters. Find out the acceleration during
braking.

A B

56 - 56
m/s2 m/s2

C D

-128 128
m/s2 m/s2
 Q13. A person is driving a car in a straight
line with an initial velocity of 4 m/sec
and an acceleration of 0.2 m/s2. After
two minutes he applied brakes and car
stopped after travelling 7 meters. Find out
the acceleration during braking.

A B

56 - 56
m/s2 m/s2

C D

-128 128
m/s2 m/s2
 Uniform Circular
Motion

When an object travels in a circular path

with
constant speed this type of motion is called
,
Velocity of the object changes at every point
direction of motion is
as
changing.
 Q14. A person is travelling on a circular
ground with uniform circular motion. If
radius of the ground is 42 m and he is
running with a constant speed of 6 m/s
then find out the time taken by him to
complete one full round of the ground.

A B

7 11
s s

C D

14 44
s s
 Q14. A person is travelling on a circular
ground with uniform circular motion. If
radius of the ground is 42 m and he is
running with a constant speed of 6 m/s
then find out the time taken by him to
complete one full round of the ground.

A B

7 11
s s

C D

14 44
s s
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC