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3.4 Logic

The document discusses conditional statements and their equivalent forms. It defines the converse, inverse, and contrapositive of a conditional statement. It provides examples of writing conditional statements in different forms like "If p, then q" and calculating the converse, inverse, and contrapositive. The document contains exercises for students to practice working with conditional statements and their related logical forms.

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Christian Demavivas
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37 views

3.4 Logic

The document discusses conditional statements and their equivalent forms. It defines the converse, inverse, and contrapositive of a conditional statement. It provides examples of writing conditional statements in different forms like "If p, then q" and calculating the converse, inverse, and contrapositive. The document contains exercises for students to practice working with conditional statements and their related logical forms.

Uploaded by

Christian Demavivas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Section 3.

4 The Conditional and


Related Statements
Learning Outcomes

At the end of this lesson, the students are expected to:


1. state the equivalent form of a conditional statement; and
2. show the inverse, converse, and contrapositive of a
conditional statement.
Equivalent Forms of the
Conditional
Equivalent Forms of the Conditional
Every conditional statement can be stated in many
equivalent forms. It is not even necessary to state the
antecedent before the consequent.

For instance, the conditional “If I live in Luzon, then I


must live in Manila” can also be stated as

I must live in Manila, if I live in Luzon.


Table 3.4.1 lists some of the various forms that may be used to
write a conditional statement.

Every conditional statement can be written in the following forms.


If p, then q. q provided that p.
If p, q. Every p is a q.
p only if q q is a necessary condition for p.
p implies q p is a sufficient condition for q.

q if p q follows from p.
q when p q whenever p.
Not p or q. q unless ~p
Example 3.4.1 Write each of the following in
“If p, then q” form.
a. The number is an even number provided that it is
divisible by 2.

b. Today is Friday, only if yesterday was Thursday.


Solution.
The statement, “The number is an even number
provided that it is divisible by 2,” is in “q provided that
p” form.
The antecedent is “it is divisible by 2,” and the
consequent is “the number is an even number.”
Thus its “If p, then q” form is
If it is divisible by 2, then the number is an even
number.
Solution.
b. The statement, “Today is Friday, only if yesterday was
Thursday,” is in “p only if q” form. The antecedent is
“today is Friday.”

The consequent is “yesterday was Thursday.” Its “If


p, then q” form is

If today is Friday, then yesterday was Thursday.


The Converse, the Inverse, and
the Contrapositive
Every conditional statement has three related statements.
They are called the converse, the inverse, and the
contrapositive.

Definition 3.4.1 The converse of is .


Definition 3.4.2 The inverse of is
Definition 3.4.3 The contrapositive of is
The previous definitions show the following:
• The converse of is formed by interchanging the
antecedent p with the consequent q.
• The inverse of p is formed by negating the
antecedent p and negating the consequent q.
• The contrapositive of is formed by negating both
the antecedent p and the consequent q and
interchanging these negated statements.
Example 3.4.2 Write the converse, inverse, and
contrapositive of

If I get the job, then I buy a new house.


Solution.
Converse: If I buy a new house, then I get the job.

Inverse: If I do not get the job, then I will not buy


a new house.

Contrapositive: If I did not buy a new house, then I


did not get the job.
Exercise Set 3.4
1. Write each of the following statements in “If p, then q” form.
a. If you get the money, I will marry you.
b. Today is Friday, only if yesterday was Thursday.
c. Being a graduate in Ateneo implies a bright future.
d. I will not take a vacation, or I will study.
e. Every square is a rectangle.
f. I am not going to be happy, if you will stay.
g. The number is an even number provided that it is divisible by 2.
2. Write the converse, inverse, and contrapositive of the following
statements.

a. If we have a quiz today, then we will not have a quiz tomorrow.


b. If I am rich, I would buy this club.
c. If she was feeling sick, it’s good that she went home.
d. If we had a car, then we would be able to take the class.
e. If she would not return soon, we will not be able to attend the
party.
REFERENCES
1. Augustine, K. (2018). Algebra, Arithmetic, Statistics, and Probability. A Mathematical Book for
High Schools and Colleges.
2. Burton, D. (2011). Elementary Number Theory, Seventh Edition. The McGraw Hill Companies.
3. Daligdig, R.M. (2019). Mathematics in the Modern World. Lorimar Publishing, Inc. Carpio, J.N.
and Peralta, B.D. (2018). Mathematics in the Modern World. Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
4. Finston, D. (et al) (2014). Abstract Algebra Structure and Application. Springer International 5.
Publishing Switzerland.
6. Olejan, R.O., Veloria, E.V., Bonghanoy, G.B., Ondaro, J.E.,and Sumalinog, J.D. (2018).
Mathematics in the Modern World. MUTYA Publishing House, Inc.
7. Manlulu, E.A. and Hipolito, L.M. (2019). A Course Module for Mathematics in the Modern World.
Rex Book Store, Inc.
8. Zhou, X. (2015). Number Theory Modular Arithmetic. Math for Gifted Students.
http://www.mathallstar.org.

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